Organic ethers

Chemical Reviews, 2004, Vol. 104, No. 10 Table 2. Organic Ethers as Electrolyte Solvents... 

With long-chain hydrocarbons, such as oil, where hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions of the molecule exist, surface-tension effects will be significant, and may result in foaming and possible acceleration of carryover. The alkalinity of the boiler water may saponify any fatty acids present, producing a crude soap that may foam. Soaps, sulfated oils and alcohol, sulfonated aliphatics and aroma.ics, quaternary ammonium compounds, nonionic organic ethers and esters, and various fine particles, act as emulsifiers that can increase foaming. 

In general, the acetato complexes of the Group 6 metals are stable in the solid state, but they must be stored in a freezer for prolonged periods. Their solutions are very air sensitive, and after several days the M(CO)e complex is formed even under a Nj atmosphere. The Group 6 acetato complexes are soluble in organic ethers [tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethyl ether, etc.], acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and in other polar solvents such as methanol and ethanol. These complexes are insoluble in hydrocarbon solvents, for example, hexane or benzene. 

Classification Substituted organic ether Empirical C12H7CI3O2 Properties Off-wh. cryst. powd. or soft agglomerate sol. in org. soivs. insol. in water m.w. 289.54 m.p. 54-57 C Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 3700 mg/kg,... 

As mentioned earlier, there are a number of other substances whose use can be characterized as occasional or, in some particular cases, also entirely intentional. Concerning fairly liquid binders, one can choose among (iv) aliphatic and cyclic hydrocarbons [7, 38—41] and (v) organic ethers and esters (e.g., tricresyl phosphate and dioctyl phthalate [57]). Thicker but still fluid binders can be some (vi) aromatic hydrocarbons [39, 51, 52] and (vii) highly viscous polysilox-anes (such as sihcone fluids with > 20 000 [56]). Their advantage is a more compact carbon paste mixture, but its manual preparation may be less comfortable [16]. 

More recent work carried out at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), USA, showed that ammonium borohydride, formed by metathesis reactions of NH4X (X = Cl, F) and MBH4 (M = Na, Li) in liquid NH3, decomposes in organic ether solvents, such as THE, to give AB in close to quantitative yields, as shown in Equation 16.36 [100], AB prepared by this one-pot synthetic method... 

Synonyms 5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol 2 -Hydroxy-2,4,4 -trichlo-rophenyi ether 2,4,4 -Trichloro-2 -hydroxydiphenyl ether Classification Substituted organic ether... 

Table 11.2 Organic ethers as electrolyte solvents [1] with DMM 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran, DME dimethyl ether, DEE diethyl ether, THE tetrahydrofuran, 2-Me-THF 2-methyl-tetrahydroftiran, 1,3-DL 1,3-dioxolane, 4-Me-l -DL 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2-Me-lJ-DL 2-methyl-l,3-...

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