Air Traffic Management

MIDAS Case Study 1 Predicting Flight Crew Performance in the Advanced Air Traffic Management System... 

The MIDAS system has evolved over a period of 15 years of development (Corker and Smith 1992). The basic structure of the core system presented here is based on the work of Tyler et al. (1998). This architectural version of MIDAS has throughout its development been used to evrduate helicopter crew stations, short-haul civil tiltrotor emeigency handling operations, tmd the impact of MOPP flight gear on crew performance (Atendo et al. 1996, 1998 Shively et td. 1995). The spedfic development for analysis of air traffic management systems will be provided below. 

Corker, K. M., and Pisanich, G. M. (1995), Analysis and Modeling of Flight Crew Performance in Automated Air Traffic Management Systems, Presented at 6th IFAC/IFIP/IFORS/IEA Symposium Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Man-Machine Systems, Boston. 

Gore, B., A Comparison of Human Performance Models Apphed to Advanced Air Traffic Management Operations, Master s thesis, San Jos6 State University, San Jos6, CA. 

Robert Arnold, in a master s thesis for Lund University, conducted a qualitative comparison of SOAM and STAMP in an Air Traffic Management (ATM) occurrence investigation. SOAM (Systemic Occurrence Analysis Methodology) is used by Eurocontrol to analyze ATM incidents. In Arnold s experiment, an incident was investigated using SOAM and STAMP and the usefulness of each in identifying systemic countermeasures was compared. The results showed that SOAM is a useful heuristic and a powerful communication device, but that it is weak with respect to... 

The current chapter first presents some definitions of terms such as values , norms , attitudes and beliefs . It then focuses on how these factors relate to behavioural issues in the context and practice of safety management. Ortwin Renn has already discussed societal norms in relation to policy making by government and industry in Chapter 2 in this volume. In addition to the concept of societal norms, this chapter discusses national culture and how it can influence safety culture in the oil and gas industry. Finally, the chapter compares and contrasts the safety culture of the oil and gas industry with that of another industry, air traffic management (ATM), which is considered to be one the safest industries in the world. The possibility of learning lessons from this high-reliability industry are discussed. 

Kathryn Mearns spent twenty years working in academia, before taking up a new role as a Human Faetors Speeialist Inspector with the Offshore Division of the UK Health and Safety Exeeutive in 2012. She has published extensively in the area of human faetors in health and safety in a range of industries including offshore oil and gas, air traffic management, and health eare. She continues to be involved in human factors research through a part-time professorship at the University of Bergen. 

The DOM has high value for planning phase of the ATM (Air Traffic Management), being able to bring great benefits for the ATS. 

Aerodromes and ATM has become a separate main cause instead of being a part of Other conditions, reflecting that air traffic management is common... 

Air traffic control (ATC) is a complex process that depends to a large degree on human capabilities. ATC systems of the future are e q)ected to change to the concept based on Air Traffic Management (ATM). In ATM, air traffic controllers (ATCo) wiU continue to play an important role in the future systems. This is indicated in the concept of next generation ATM such as SESAR and NextGen. 

Following the discussion session, cmrent techniques used in the assessment of safety culture were presented. This was followed by suggestions on how to improve safety culture in participants own organisations. Finally, the workshop closed with an invited speaker describing the safety culture programme in Air Traffic Management run by EUROCONTROL (Meams et al. 2013). 

Meams, K., Kirwan, B., Reader, T, Jackson, J., Ketmedy, R. and Gordon, R. 2013. Development of a methodology for understanding and enhancing safety culture in Air Traffic Management. Safety Science, 53, 123-33. 

Ek, A., Arvidsson, M., Akselsson, R., Johansson, C. and Josefsson, B. 2003. Safety Culture in Air Traffic Management A ir Traffic Control. Paper Presented to the 5thUSA/Europe ATM 2003 R D Seminar, Budapest, Hungary, 23-7 June. 

EUROCONTROL. 2008. Safety Culture in Air Traffic Management A White Paper. December 2008. Brussels EUROCONTROL. Available at http // www.skybrary.aero/booksheff/books/564.pdf (last accessed on 24 April 2014). 

Gordon, R., Kirwan, B., Meams, K., Kennedy, R. and Jensen, C.L. 1001. A Safety Culture Questionnaire for European Air Traffic Management. Paper to ESREL 2007, Stavanger, June, 2007. 

Johnson, C.W. and Shea, C. 2007. Comparison of the Role of Degraded Models of Operation in the Causes of Accidents in Rail and Air Traffic Management. Paper to the second Institution of Engineering and Technology International Conference on System Safety, 22-4 October 2007, 89-94. 

ShoiTock, S.T, Meams, K., Laing, C. and Kirwan, B. 2011. Developing a safety culture questionnaire for European air traffic management Learning from experience. In M. Anderson (ed.). Contemporary Ergonomics and Human Factors 2011. London Taylor and Francis, 56-63. 

Barry Kirwan works for Eurocontrol in France. His principal responsibility is miming the European Air Traffic Management Safety Culture Programme, which involves surveys for around 30 European States, helping them evaluate and improve their safety culture. He also chairs a Eurocontrol-FAA group on safety research and periodically works on human factors and human reliability assessment issues with the nuclear power indrrstry in the USA and UK. 

From this graph it can be seen that the global air transportation induced emissions will increase by a factor of five in 45 years time, if not reacted upon adequately. Multiple initiatives, such as Europe s Advisory Council for Aviation Research and Innovation in Europe (ACARE) [12], have been started to reduce environmental impact, which besides CO2 also consists of NOx emissions, perceived noise, and the environmental impact caused by aircraft manufacturing, maintenance and disposal [10]. In order to anticipate on this, companies involved in the aviation industry should strive for improvement of the efficiency of aircraft and engines, and improve the aircraft lifecycle and current Air Traffic Management system. 

Safety is commonly defined as freedom from unacceptable risk of harm (or accident). One very useful view of safety, and of safety assessment, is the barrier model illustrated in Figure I using Air Traffic Management (ATM) as an example. 

Klompstra (2001a). Accident risk assessment for advanced air traffic management. In Donohue GL and Zellweger AG (eds.). Air Transport Systems Engineering, AIAA, pp. 463-480. 

H.A.P. Blom, J. Daams and H.B. Nijhuis (2001b), Human cognition modelling in air traffic management safety assessment, Eds G.L. Donohue and A.G. Zellweger, Air transport systems engineering, AIAA, pp. 481-511. 

The paper is based on the experience of EUROCONTROL in the development of Safety Cases, and captured in its recently revised Safety Case Development Manual. Although the material is orientated towards the business of EUROCONTROL (ie Air Traffic Management) we believe that is readily adaptable to other application sectors. 

In the field of Air Traffic Management (ATM), for example, service providers are required to ensure the safety of air traffic, in respect of those parts of the ATM system and supporting services within their managerial control, Implicit in this... 

November 1990, HMSO Publications Centre ISBN 0-10-113102-X. EUROCONTROL 2001a EUROCONTROL Safety Regulatory Requirement 4 Risk Assessment and Mitigation in Air Traffic Management, Edition 1.0, 5 Apr 01. EUROCONTROL 2001b The EUR RVSM Pre-Implementation Safety Case, Edition 2.0, 14 August 2001. 

The System of Systems (SoS) term is increasingly used to describe classes of systems, such as the Air Traffic Management (ATM) and Network Centric Warfare (NCW) paradigms, which exhibit a combination of the following characteristics ... 

DO-278A/ED-109A a variant for ground based software, speeifieally Communication, Navigation, Siuveillance and Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM)... 

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