Traffic management systems

MIDAS Case Study 1 Predicting Flight Crew Performance in the Advanced Air Traffic Management System... 

The MIDAS system has evolved over a period of 15 years of development (Corker and Smith 1992). The basic structure of the core system presented here is based on the work of Tyler et al. (1998). This architectural version of MIDAS has throughout its development been used to evrduate helicopter crew stations, short-haul civil tiltrotor emeigency handling operations, tmd the impact of MOPP flight gear on crew performance (Atendo et al. 1996, 1998 Shively et td. 1995). The spedfic development for analysis of air traffic management systems will be provided below. 

Corker, K. M., and Pisanich, G. M. (1995), Analysis and Modeling of Flight Crew Performance in Automated Air Traffic Management Systems, Presented at 6th IFAC/IFIP/IFORS/IEA Symposium Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Man-Machine Systems, Boston. 

Control System (ETCS). ETCS is the Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system, and GSMR is the radio system for voice and data communication. Together, they form The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS). The Radio Block Center (RBC) sends movement authority and track profiles to the train via GSM-R. The RBC is the link between the interlocking system, the train traffic control, and the train itself. The train reports its position to the RBC. Balises are read by the on-board antenna, processed by the ETCS onboard (trainbome) equipment and are used as position references for the train, i.e. they determine where the train is. 

The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) is the international answer to long distance train circulations often going across coimtry borders. Itaims to develop a complete, modular generic and... 

ABSTRACT This paper is focused on the safety analysis of an analogue transceiver located in the BTM, a subsystem of the European Railway Traffic Management System (ERTMS). Balise detection is the transceiver safety related function and the ERTMS specifications define it as a SIL2, setting a maximiun tolerable hazard rate of 10 failures per hour. By means of FTA and FMEA analyses, and failure rate calculation, this paper demonstrates that a bIsT topology is suitable to accomplish safety requirements. The description of the topology and the diagrams of both analyses are also exposed. To conclude, the comparison between the values obtained for both architectures are shown and the safety improvement is e)q)lained. 

The European Railway Traffic Management System (ERTMS) is the solution for this issue and it is the unique train control system employed throughout Europe (ERTMS). ERTMS is based on the communication between the railway infrastructure and the train. The most important wireless communication subsystems, used to share the information, are the GSM-R, the Euroloop and the Eurobalise. All these signaling systems provide the needed information about the track characteristics in each moment, to the train, however, only the Eurobalise enables the train to set its exact position. 

From this graph it can be seen that the global air transportation induced emissions will increase by a factor of five in 45 years time, if not reacted upon adequately. Multiple initiatives, such as Europe s Advisory Council for Aviation Research and Innovation in Europe (ACARE) [12], have been started to reduce environmental impact, which besides CO2 also consists of NOx emissions, perceived noise, and the environmental impact caused by aircraft manufacturing, maintenance and disposal [10]. In order to anticipate on this, companies involved in the aviation industry should strive for improvement of the efficiency of aircraft and engines, and improve the aircraft lifecycle and current Air Traffic Management system. 

Apart from the technical aspects, ITS will benefit from multiple perspectives that have proven to be important when developing similar systems. These include different views on traffic management systems, legislation and standards. In the following we provide some snapshots on these perspectives, highlighting a few aspects of state of the art. 

One way to achieve the required trust and management can be to extend the ITS reference architecture with a safety manager responsible for run time safety handling to work in cooperation with the traffic management system. 

Bloomfield, R. Fundamentals of enropean rail traffic management system-ertms. lET Standards (2006)... 

This technique has been used by the arrthor of this report in snpport of a large scale project aiming to define safety reqrriremerrts for Ettropean Railways Traffic Management System (ERTMS). 

The purpose of the project was to define and quantify the safety requirements for European Railways Traffic Management System (ERTMS). The European Commission for Transport managed the project, the biggest pan European engineering nndertaking ever in terms of finances involved, geographical spread, reqnired workforce and the complexity of technology involved. 

Leontiadis, I., Marfia, G., Mack, D., Pau, G., Mascolo, C., Gerla, M. 2011. On the effectiveness of an opportunistic traffic management system for vehicular networks, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 12(4) 1537-1548. 

GSM-R is a mobile digital cellular phone system which is based on public GSM however offers wider range of functionalities. Its infrastructure namely transmission antennas are situated along the railway lines. In some cases GSM-R is crucial for the railway traffic control command solutions. Precisely the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) comprising ... 

European Economic Interest Group-European Rail Traffic Management System 04E117 ETCS/GSM-R Quality of Service—Operational Analysis, date 14/10/05. 

Taking into consideration the dependence of airline flight operation on air traffic management system the Air Traffic Services Performance Focus Group of FAA identified the following attributes of flight operations performance Capacity... 

Safety Requirements for a Cooperative Traffic Management System The Human Interface Perspective... 

Abstract. Traffic management systems are complex networks integrating sensors, actors, communication on different levels and humans as active part, consisting of road-side infrastructure coupled with advanced driver assistance systems and on-board data collection facilities. 

Winter, R, Guiot, B., International Union of Railways Compendium on ERTMS European Rail Traffic Management System. Eurail Press (2009)... 

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