Inhalation tests

Health and Safety Factors. Animal-feeding studies of DMPPO itself have shown it to be nontoxic on ingestion. The solvents, catalyst, and monomers that are used to prepare the polymers, however, should be handled with caution. Eor example, for the preparation of DMPPO, the amines used as part of the catalyst are flammable toxic on ingestion, absorption, and inhalation and are also severe skin and respiratory irritants (see Amines). Toluene, a solvent for DMPPO, is not a highly toxic material in inhalation testing the TLV (71) is set at 375 mg/m, and the lowest toxic concentration is reported to be 100—200 ppm (72). Toxicity of 2,6-dimethylphenol is typical of alkylphenols (qv), eg, for mice, the acute dermal toxicity is LD q, 4000 mg/kg, whereas the acute oral toxicity is LD q, 980 mg/kg (73). The Noryl blends of DMPPO and polystyrene have PDA approval for reuse food apphcations. 

Toxicity indicators, 23 112-114 Toxicity inhalation tests, 10 660 Toxicity studies acute, 25 217 chronic, 25 218 short-term repeated, 25 217 subchronic, 25 217-218 Toxicity units (TU), 25 887 Toxic materials, 21 833-836... 

For the 28-/90-day studies, separate guidelines are available for studies using oral administration, dermal application, or inhalation. The principle of these study protocols is identical although the updated protocols for oral administration includes additional parameters compared to those for dermal and inhalation administration, see Table 4.12. The 28-day inhalation test guideline is currently undergoing revision, see Table 2.4. 

El Du Pont Haskell Laboratory Pathokgy report no 37-80, Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) H-8419-MR-1785—Textile Fibers Dept 2-Year Inhalation Test CD Rats. EPA/OTS doc EYI-OTS-0382-0040. Wilmington, DE, 1980... 

International Isocyanates Institute. 1987a. Isocyanate inhalation tests - diisocyanate induced asthma. EPA/OTS doc 86-870000661. 

Vogelmeier, C., Baur, X. Fruhmann, G. (1991) Isocyanate-induced asthma results of inhalation tests with TDI, MDI and methacholine. Int. Arch, occup. environ. Health. 63. 9-13... 

Kill immune animals by cervical dislocation or C02 inhalation, test bleed, and open abdominal cavity. Remove spleens or mesenteric nodes by blunt dissection. 

In vivo toxicity tests involve the direct exposure (via appropriate exposure routes) of hving animals to variable doses of toxins over time, followed by measurement of toxic effects or exposure indicators. Inhalation tests either expose the subject animals to known concentrations of particles in an airstream, or utihze direct intratracheal implantation of the particles in the subject animals (e.g., studies summarized in Johnson and... 

Pepys, J., Hargreave, F.E., Chan, M. and McCarthy, D.S. (1968). Inhibitory effects of disodium cromoglycate on allergen inhalation tests. Lancet ii, 134-137. 

Marple VA, Olson BA, Santhanakrishnan K, et al. Next generation pharmaceutical impactor a new impactor for pharmaceutical inhaler testing. Part HI. Extension of archival calibration to 15 IVmin. J Aerosol Med 2004 17 335-343. 

Dosage forms may include, but are not limited to, parenterals, topicals, solutions, powders for reconstitution, and inhalants. Tests to be conducted will include a selection from the following ... 

As with lead arsenate, the broad conclusions that Neal drew from his DDT inhalation tests could be supported only by a selective reading of his data. The experiments showed that DDT aerosols often killed mice, but did little harm to dogs or monkeys. Two human beings exposed to DDT in the same form showed no evidence of poisoning. Neal s report, issued in September 1943, declared that DDT could be used safely as aerosol, dust, or mist spraying was approved that same month.19... 

CPSC does not provide a detailed guideline for inhalation testing. Their classification definitions are as follows. 

Higgins, C.E., J.R. Stokely, and M.R. Guerin Organic gas phase composition of contained smoke aerosols used for inhalation testing 29th Tobacco Chemists Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 29, Paper No. 49, 1975, p. 33. 

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