Reversal causes

Rather than use a cloth, a granular medium consisting of layers of particulate solids on a support grid can be used. Downward fiow of the mixture causes the solid particles to be captured within the medium. Such deep-bed filters are used to remove small quantities of solids from large quantities of liquids. To release the solid particles captured within the bed, the flow is periodically reversed, causing the bed to expand and release the particles which have been captured. Around 3 percent of the throughput is needed for this backwashing. 

The flow in the diffuser is usually assumed to be of a steady nature to obtain the overall geometric configuration of the diffuser. In a channel-type diffuser the viscous shearing forces create a boundary layer with reduced kinetic energy. If the kinetic energy is reduced below a certain limit, the flow in this layer becomes stagnant and then reverses. This flow reversal causes... 

Problems can arise if several cupboards, each with its own fan, are connected to a single common duct and discharge stack. If a fume cupboard was switched off or a fan failed, flow through the cupboard could be reversed causing contaminants to be discharged into the room. The collecting duct should be kept at a lower pressure by its own fan to reduce this risk. 

The clinician must identify potential reversible causes of heart failure exacerbations including prescription and nonprescription drug therapies, dietary indiscretions, and medication non-adherence. 

The most important enzymes involved in monosaccharide biosynthesis are those which will synthesize a carbon-to-carbon covalent bond and, in reverse, cause fission of this bond. It is becoming increasingly clear that... 

SuccessM treatment of PEA and asystole depends almost entirely on diagnosis of the underlying cause. Potentially reversible causes include (1) hypovolemia, (2) hypoxia, (3) preexisting acidosis, (4) hyperkalemia, (5) hypothermia, (6) hypoglycemia, (7) drug overdose, (8) cardiac tamponade, (9) tension pneumothorax, (10) coronary thrombosis, (11) pulmonary thrombosis, and (12) trauma. 

Treatment of anemia of chronic disease is less specific than that of other anemias and should focus on correcting reversible causes. Iron therapy is... 

Survivors of cardiac arrest due to VF or hemodynamically unstable sustained VT after evaluation to define the cause of the event and to exclude any completely reversible causes A Class I... 

Recall that if Ly forms a basis for T, then even number. If T is not F, case (b), v and ipr are linearly independent (LI) and so time reversal causes a doubling of degeneracy. If V F cases (a) and (c), then there exists a non-singular matrix Z which transforms T into P ... 

Damaged companion piping SRV stress and inertia reversals caused by violent opening/closing cycles. 

For any patient with cognitive impairment, it is important to rule out reversible causes and to exclude alternative diagnoses that may present with similar symptoms. Once cognitive impairment is confirmed, the underlying cause should be determined that is, the subtype of cognitive impairment should be defined since this will influence prognosis and treatment. 

Sarikaya M, Sevinc A, Ulu R, Ates F, Ari F. Bismuth subcitrate nephrotoxicity. A reversible cause of acute oliguric renal failure. Nephron 2002 90(4) 501-2. 

Park GR, Shelly MP, Quinn K, Roberts P. Dihydrocodeine— a reversible cause of renal failure Eur J Anaesthesiol 1989 6(4) 303-14. 

Tan SY, Shapiro R, Franco R et al. Indomethacin-induced prostaglandin inhibition with hyperkalemia. A reversible cause of hy-poreninemic hypoaldosteronism. Annals of Internal Medicine 1979 90 783-785. 

The change from indomethacin to clometacin, althongh representing a clean example of functional gronp reversal, causes more profound alterations than that shown in the... 

For pulseless electrical activity (PEA) and asystole, the primary focus should be diagnosis and identification of a reversible cause. 

Cardiac events also may precipitate heart failure exacerbations. Myocardial ischemia and infarction are potentially reversible causes that must be considered carefully because nearly 70% of heart failure patients have coronary artery disease. It should be noted that myocardial ischemia can be either a cause or a consequence of heart failure decompensation. Revascularization should be considered in appropriate patients. Atrial flbrillation occurs in up to 10% to 30% of patients with heart failure and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Atrial flbrillation can exacerbate heart failure through rapid ventricular response and loss of atrial contribution to ventricular Ailing. Conversely, decompensated heart failure can precipitate atrial flbrillation by atrial distension resulting from ventricular volume overload. Control of ventricular response, maintenance of sinus rhythm in appropriate patients, and prevention of thromboembolism... 

Patients successfully resuscitated from cardiac arrest (due to VT or VF) not due to an identifiable, reversible cause (e.g., AMI, severe electrolyte disturbances)... 

FIGURE 17-16. Example of an approach to the management of survivors of cardiac arrest (resuscitated VT/VF). Reversible causes of cardiac arrest (e.g., electrolyte abnormalities, acute phase of Ml) should be treated with specific therapy. AADs = antiarrhythmic drugs BBs = /i-blockers EPS = invasive electrophysio-logic studies ICD = implantable cardioverter-defibrillator VT/VF = ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation Ml = myocardial infarction. 

Given the current data, corticosteroids may be administered to patients with septic shock on high doses of vasopressors for prolonged periods of time if (1) reversible causes of hypotension are eliminated, (2) relative/absolute corticosteroid deficiency is determined with corticotropin stimulation testing, and (3) corticosteroids are used for at least 5 to 7 days and then are reduced progressively. ... 

Cardiac muscle function has been reported to be impaired in the setting of hypophosphatemia and has resulted in congestive cardiomyopathy. This has been reported in alcoholics, and postoperative and intensive care patients. A depletion in cardiac ATP stores has been hypothesized as the cause of this syndrome. Arrhythmias have also been reported in patients with hypophosphatemia. Because hypophosphatemia is a potentially reversible cause of heart failure, it should be considered in patients who experience an acute deterioration in ventricular function. 

Currently there are no effective surgical treatments for bladder underactivity. After an appropriate evaluation is performed for reversible causes, the most effective management for this condition is intermittent self-catheterization performed by the patient or a caregiver... 

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