Residual test

Anhydrous ammonia is normally analy2ed for moisture, oil, and residue. The ammonia is first evaporated from the sample and the residue tested (86). In most instances, the amount of oil and sediment ia the samples are insignificant and the entire residue may be assumed to be water. For more accurate moisture determinations, the ammonia can be dissociated into nitrogen and hydrogen and the dewpoint of the dissociated gas obtained. This procedure works well where the concentration of water is in the ppm range. Where the amount of water is in the range of a few hundredths of a percent, acetic acid and methanol can be added to the residue and a Karl Fischer titration performed to an electrometricaHy detected end point (89—92). 

The carbon residue is a measure of the carbon compounds left in a fuel after the volatile components have vaporized. Two different carbon residue tests are used, one for light distillates, and one for heavier fuels. For the light fuels, 90% of the fuel is vaporized, and the carbon residue is found in the remaining 10%. For heavier fuels, since the carbon residue is large, 100% of the sample can be used. These tests give a rough approximation of the tendency to form carbon deposits in the combustion system. The metallic compounds present in the ash are related to the corrosion properties of the fuel. 

The Micro-method uses an analytical instrument to measure Conradson carbon in a small automated set. The Micro-method (ASTM D4530) gives test results that are equivalent to the Conradson carbon residue test (D189). The purpose of this test is to provide some indication of relative coke forming tendency of such mat al. 

A distinctly negative factor on the utility of this method is the effect of washing the hands after firing a gun. It appears that normal washing of the hands destroys the evidence of a person having recently fired a gun. The length of time that has passed between the firing of the gun, the apprehension of the suspect and the performance of the residue test on the hands is therefore critical for the successful application of this technique... 

The most reliable way to control the chelant program is to base it on FW chelant demand, rather than to aim at maintaining a chelant residual in the boiler. The fact is that most chelant residual tests in the field are widely inaccurate, and EDTA begins to break down at pressures over 400 psig. Nevertheless, it is useful to conduct these tests on a purely qualitative basis, simply to gain some confidence that a small residual exists. Consequently, recommended chelant residuals are provided in the appropriate tables. Needless to say, it is imperative that the chelant demand is made on a truly representative FW sample or series of samples. 

B. Residue Testing (Metabolism and residue kinetics, Routine analytical method for the detection of residues)... 

Preparation of a site for field residue testing should follow the same procedures as for standard agricultural production for the crop in question. If a pesticide is intended to introduce new agronomic or horticultural practices, then these practices should be... 

A large part of the US diet is made up of crops which originate outside the USA. Currently, a US tolerance achieved through the submission of data obtained from residue trials run exclusively within the USA permits the importation of commodities grown in Latin America or other countries. Within the past 5 years, the ERA has initiated programs to ensure that residue testing to achieve a US tolerance better reflects the climatic and cultural conditions under which the commodity is grown. 

If testing involves a new product that is not yet in commercial trade, the manufacturer should ship products from the same batch of the same formulation to each test location. The most recent product quality analysis and an appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) must accompany the product shipment. The shipping documents and the certificate of analysis for each shipment must be archived in the raw data for the report. If the residue testing is being done to register a new use for a commercial product, the Study Director must make sure that the product available in each location is the same formulation and that each different batch encountered has its own certificate of analysis to be archived along with a copy of the label and product quality analysis of the material used for the test. Material shipped in noncommercial containers must... 

Shipping. Crop samples harvested for residue testing are usually shipped to the USA or Europe for analysis. Shipping requires the availability of an international... 

The dressing will again be removed approximately 23 h after the initial application of the test article. Residual test article will be carefully removed, where applicable, using water (or another suitable vehicle). 

The U.S. Department of Agriculture Meat and Poultry Antibiotic Residue Testing Program... 

Acute dermal toxicity is the adverse effects occurring within a short time of dermal application of a single dose of a test substance. The duration of exposure in the OECD TG 402 is 24 h, at the end of which residual test substance should be removed. 

A high carbon value for gasoline, jet fuel or 2 fuel oil is a good indication that the fuel has been contaminated with residual fuel oil. Heavy streams such as VGO, coker gas oil, and 6 fuel oil can contaminate gasoline, jet fuel and diesel fuel. These streams tend to form carbon residue when pyrolyzed and can be identified as fuel contaminants through carbon residue testing. 

In November, 1988, the EU Commission notified the United States that the hormone directive would apply to all meat, including pork and horse-meat. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) informed the European Union that the United States has no hormonal substances approved for use in pork or horse-meat. The Commission indicated that tlie United States needed a residue testing program for these meats to be in compliance with the directive. In December, 1988, the European Union approved a counterretaliation list, but implementation was postponed until January, 1989, On January 1, 1989, the European Union hormone ban and the US retaliation measures took effect. 

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