Acids, aliphatic fatty

In 1950, Dahlquist et al. [82] reported the use of polyvinyl A -alkyl carbamates as PSA release materials. Since then, many other types of alkyl side chain polymers have been patented for use as release coatings, including copolymers based on higher alkyl acrylates or methaci ylates [83-86], polyvinyl esters of higher aliphatic fatty acids [87], higher alkyl vinyl esters or ethers and a maleic... 

Most of the inhibitors in use are organic nitrogen compounds and these have been classified by Bregman as (a) aliphatic fatty acid derivatives, b) imidazolines, (c) quaternaries, (d) rosin derivatives (complex amine mixtures based on abietic acid) all of these will tend to have long-chain hydrocarbons, e.g. CigH, as part of the structure, (e) petroleum sulphonic acid salts of long-chain diamines (preferred to the diamines), (/) other salts of diamines and (g) fatty amides of aliphatic diamines. Actual compounds in use in classes (a) to d) include oleic and naphthenic acid salts of n-tallowpropylenediamine diamines RNH(CH2) NH2 in which R is a carbon chain of 8-22 atoms and x = 2-10 and reaction products of diamines with acids from the partial oxidation of liquid hydrocarbons. Attention has also been drawn to polyethoxylated compounds in which the water solubility can be controlled by the amount of ethylene oxide added to the molecule. 

Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) are aliphatic compounds with a terminal carboxyl group and with a chain length greater than 12 carbon atoms (e.g., lauric acid). Very long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with more than 18 carbon atoms (e.g., stearic acid). 

The intracellular and plasma membranes have a complex structure. The main components of a membrane are lipids (or phospholipids) and different proteins. Lipids are fatlike substances representing the esters of one di- or trivalent alcohol and two aliphatic fatty acid molecules (with 14 to 24 carbon atoms). In phospholipids, phosphoric acid residues, -0-P0(0 )-O-, are located close to the ester links, -C0-0-. The lipid or phospholipid molecules have the form of a compact polar head (the ester and phosphate groups) and two parallel, long nonpolar tails (the hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids). The polar head is hydrophihc and readily interacts with water the hydrocarbon tails to the... 

A number of other materials have been shown to increase the solubility of gramicidin in aqueous solution. Alcohols66, xanthocillin66, fatty acid amides76, fatty acid alcohols71, aliphatic amines72 and polyvinylpyrrolidone 7 3 7 4. 

Ulrich, H-J., W. Stumm, and B.Cosovic (1988), "Adsorption of Aliphatic Fatty Acids on Aquatic Interfaces. Comparison between 2 Model Surfaces The Mercury Electrode and 6-AI2O3 Colloids", Environ. Sd. Techn. 22, 37-41. 

Amide derivatives of unsaturated aliphatic fatty acids (Cio-Cie) are especially common in members of the Asteraceae, Piper-aceae, and Rutaceae. Among these, the isobutyl amides have pronounced insecticidal activity (119). Most of these compounds have not proven useful as commercial insecticides because of their irritating properties to mammals and their instability. 

U. Kragh-Hansen, Biochem /. 195, 603-613 (1981). Effects of Aliphatic Fatty Acids on the Binding of Phenol Red to Human Serum Albumin. ... 

J.2.J. Methanol-cleaned substrate. The film formed here was of irregular coverage, as was evident from the strong variation of the intensity of Fe+ ions ( + 56 amu). It was also observed that the wettability of the steel by the silane solution was rather poor. The negative spectrum clearly revealed the reason for the poor wettability of this substrate. Almost all peaks in the negative spectrum could be uniquely identified as aliphatic fatty acids, originating most likely from the polishing paste. The predominant peaks were at -199, -227, -255, -283,and —325... 

Alkaline-cleaned substrate. After alkaline cleaning, the steel substrate was completely devoid of aliphatic fatty acids, as was verified by TOFSIMS. The freshly cleaned substrate was immediately immersed in the 1% silane solution and analyzed. The wettability of the cleaned steel by the solution was considerably improved by the alkaline cleaning procedure. The spectra obtained with a film deposited from a pH 10.5 solution are shown in Fig. 7. A rigorous peak identification procedure was applied here. The masses of all major peaks could be... 

Lipids include fatty acids (aliphatic carboxylic acids), fatty acid esters, phospholipids, and glycolipids. Plants containing lipids with anticancer properties include the following ... 

Fats and oils are triesters of the trivalent alcohol glycerol and three (different) even-numbered aliphatic carboxylic acids, the fatty acids. Fats and oils differ in the length and the number of unsaturated bonds in the carbon chain. The shorter Cio-Ci4-fatty acids are obtained from coconut oil and palm kernel oil. These fatty acids are mostly saturated, and they are used in the manufacture of detergents. Cig-fatty acids are more widely used. Oleic acid, a Cig-fatty acid with an unsaturated bond on the ninth carbon atom, can be produced from many crops. Specific varieties or genetically modified plants, such as rape, have a content of over 90% oleic acid [4]. 

Maritano de Correche, M. and Oxley, R. (1985) Total fatty acid, aliphatic alcohol, and hydrocarbon compositions in edible fats. Grasas Aceitas, 36, 88-92. 

Fatty Acids and Fatty Alcohols Fatty acids are traditionally meant as aliphatic unbranched monocarboxylic acids, either saturated or unsaturated, but with a chain length of 4 to 28 carbon atoms. Sometimes even shorter acyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids like acetic acid are named fatty acids, although they are not found in oils and fats [19]. 

Isobutyric acid (aliphatic Vitis vinfera (Vitaceae) (wine) OR-R (fatty, phenolic)... 

In the analysis of H-NMR spectra of compounds elaborated from aliphatic fatty acids and polyamines it is rather difficult to determine the linear or branched nature of the fatty acid. In order to differentiate, well-known oxidative degradation reactions (e.g., HN03) are recommended in addition to spectroscopic methods. 

There are several problems requiring careful attention. Lysozyme has a tendency to form complexes with many substances [e.g., alkyl sulfates, fatty acids, aliphatic alcohols (Smith and Stocker, 1949), cephalins (Brusca and Patrono, 1960), and other proteins]. Of particular importance is its tendency to form complexes with transferrins [e.g., ovotrans-ferrin (Ehrenpreis and Warner, 1956)]. These interactions lead to difficulties in the isolation of lysozyme. Some recent workers have used fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (e.g., Ekstrand and Bjorck, 1986). The resolution in these procedures may not always be satisfactory, and in HPLC pressure and solvent effects must be monitored carefully if the product is to be suitable for conformation and activity studies. 

Cellulose can be esterifled with almost any organic acid [81,82,84], Whereas this is possible in principle with both alkyl chlorides and carboxylic anhydrides, commercial practice has focused on the anhydride option. Although many esters have been described in the literature, industrially manufactured organic esters are prepared only with aliphatic fatty acids with between 2 and 4 carbon atoms in length (i. e., acetates to butyrates, CA to CB). Exceptions are some mixed esters with phthalic acid, which are used for enteric coatings in pharmaceutical applications and a novel carboxymethyl cellulose acetate butyrate (CMCAB), which is used in water-borne coatings applications [81,84],... 

The term lipids in this entry is restricted to esters and amides of the long-chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, the fatty acids, and to their biosynthetically or functionally related compounds. The most abundant lipids are the esters of fatty acids with glycerol (1,2,3-trihydroxypropane), denoted as glycerolipids. Lipids are classified according to the number of hydrolytic products per mole. Simple (or neutral) lipids release two types of products (e.g., fatty acids and glycerol). 

Saccharum officinarum L. -cana-de-afucar Insomnia Culm (suco) Caboclos [56] Flavonoids [344,345] long-chain aliphatic acids [347] fatty acids [346,348] phenolic compounds [349] glycans [350] triterpenoids and steroids [351] Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects [348] antidiabetes [350]... 

The Code mentions 382 synthetic additives, comprizing 69 individual flavouring substances and the following 18 chemical groups ketones, lactones, aromatic aldehydes, aromatic alcohols, esters, ethers, isothiocyanates, indole and its derivatives, fatty acids, aliphatic aldehydes, aliphatic alcohol, aliphatic hydrogen carbide aldehydes, (translation error, probably hydrocarbons), thio alcohols, thio ethers, terpene hydrocarbons, phenols, phenolethers, furfural and its derivatives. 

An analysis of the published partition coefficients measured in various solvent systems for homologous series of fatty acids, aliphatic alcohols, and amines was performed by Zaslavsky et al. 63) in order to clarify the physical meaning of the a. and bj coefficients in the solvent regression Equation (8). The partition coefficients for... 

---