Acidity aliphatic

SchifT s reagent A solution of rosaniline in water decolorized with sulphurous acid. Aliphatic aldehydes and aldose sugars give a magenta colour with this reagent with aromatic aldehydes and aliphatic ketones the colour develops more slowly aromatic ketones do not react. 

B) SULPHONIC ACIDS. Aliphatic sulphonic acids are rarely encountered, for they are very soluble in water, and many are deliquescent. The aromatic sulphonic acids, although less uncommon, are encountered most frequently as their derivatives e.g.t the sulphonamides, pp. 247, 251), or as nuclear-substituted acids (e.g., sulphanilic acid, p. 384). 

Cleavage of ethers with hydriodic acid. Aliphatic ethers suflFer fission when boiled with constant boiling point hydriodic acid ... 

Plieiiylacetic acid Aliphatic acid Benzyl alkyl ketone... 

This has a very high resistance to impact damage, even at subzero temperatures. It has good creep strength in dry conditions up to 115°C but degrades by continuous exposures to water hotter than 65°C. It is resistant to aqueous solutions of acids, aliphatic hydrocarbons, paraffins, alcohols (except methanol), animal and vegetable fats and oils, but is attacked by alkalis, ammonia, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons. 

The reaction time between 4-iodopyrazoles and 1-alkynes varies from 5 to 25 h and the yield of products is 55-95%. It is noteworthy that the nature of the terminal acetylene has a greater effect on the rate of halogen atom substitution for low-reactive 4-iodopyrazoles. Thus, the reaction time for ethynylarenes is 5-6 h, and for less acidic aliphatic 1-alkynes is 10-25 h (Table XTT). 

The diazo coupling with C—H acidic aliphatic substrates is a feature of the Japp-Klingemann reaction. 

Esters of aliphatic dibasic carboxylic acids Aliphatic cyanides (CH2)6CN, C7Hi2N,... 

Solubility. No quant data is in the literature. In Ref 11, p 19 die order of decreasing soly is given as w, ketones, ales)) esters) organic acids, aliphatic nitro compds) ethers, chlorinated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons. Within each class the solubility decreases with increasing chain length... 

The positions, numbers, and types of sugars on the anthocyanin molecule influence its bioaccessibility. Indeed, a recent human study reported that the acylation of anthocyaifins resulted in a sigififlcant decrease of anthocyanin recoveries in plasma and urine. In addition, anthocyanins form linkages with aromatic acids, aliphatic acids, and methyl ester derivatives, which can also affect their passage through the intestinal barrier. 

Preparative hazard See Nitric acid Aliphatic amines... 

POLYAMINO ACIDS Aliphatic polyamino acids irradiated in the solid state have been reported to undergo N-Ctf, main-chain, bond scission on gamma radiolysis (9) and the stable radical intermediates formed following radiolysis at 303 K are alpha carbon radicals, as observed in the N-acetyl amino acids. 

Mono-A-alkylation of the amides occurs under relatively mild liquiddiquid two-phase conditions (Table 5.10), using concentrated aqueous sodium or potassium hydroxide. Under soliddiquid conditions with sodium hydroxide-potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide, or by using super-saturated aqueous potassium or sodium hydroxide, it is possible to control the reaction to obtain either the mono-or dialkylated derivatives f2-4]. Soliddiquid two-phase conditions also provide the most effective route to mono-AI-alkylalion of weakly acidic aliphatic amides, but it has been suggested that the procedure is not sufficiently selective for the monoalkylation of the more acidic amides [4],... 

Compound 211 and several related compounds are readily accessible by stereospecific deprotonation of the appropriate optically active carbamic esters with 5-BuLi/TMEDA ° . Much of the knowledge about the stereochemical course of substitution in benzyUithium derivatives was obtained from experiments with these compounds. Only the reaction with proton acids, aliphatic aldehydes, ketones or esters as electrophiles proceed with retention for alkyl, silyl and stannyl halides, acid chlorides. 

This side-reaction is most serious in the case of acetylenes RC=CH with a relatively low acidity aliphatic 1-alkynes, e.g. 1-octyne, and acetylenic alcohols HCaC(CH2)nOH with n > 2, give reduced yields (40-50%) in the coupling reaction. In many other reactions, yields are high. Since the bromoalkyne usually has the highest "added value", economical considerations prescribe the use of an excess of the free acetylene, especially when it is inexpensive, e.g. propargyl alcohol. The mechanism of the Cadiot-Chodkiewicz reaction has not been studied in detail, but is seems likely that a copper acetylide ROCCu is formed first it often appears as a yellowish suspension. 

POLAR AMINO ACIDS ALIPHATIC AMINO ACIDS ... 

The reaction of sulfur tetrafluoride with carboxylic acids (aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic) is of particular importance as the most general and simplest route to trifluorotnethyl derivatives. The reaction proceeds in two steps, the first step gives acyl or aroyl fluorides 1, and then catalysis in the second step by hydrogen fluoride released in the first step results in the tri-fluoromethyl derivatives 2.41... 

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