Wax removal

Another method of separating petrolatum from residua is by centrifuge dewaxing. In this process, the reduced cmde oil is dissolved in naphtha and chilled to —18° C or lower, which causes the wax to separate. The mixture is then fed to a battery of centrifuges where the wax is separated from the Hquid. However, the centrifuge method has been largely displaced by solvent dewaxing methods as well as more modem methods of wax removal. Similar use is... 

Gleaners. Properties, such as foaming and detergency (qv), make alkanolamines useflil in cleaning formulations. Monoetbanolamine is particularly effective in wax removal formulations because of its ability to penetrate films. Cleanets that involve skin contact use triethanolamine because of its mildness. Derivatives of the amines (49,50) as well as the free alkan olamines (51—53), may be formulated into cleaning products. 

Why Are Floor Waxes Removable with Ammonia Cleansers ... 

Liquid household bleach is generally a 5% solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Ammonia cleansers—including general household cleansers, wax removers, glass and window cleaners, and oven cleaners — are aqueous solutions of 5-10% ammonia, NH3. Mixing bleach with cleansers containing ammonia leads to the formation of a family of potentially toxic compounds known as chloramines. These toxic gases have acrid fumes that can bum mucous membranes. Scented bleaches can mask one s natural ability to detect these harmful fumes. 

Melt the wax, remove the container from the fire and stir in a roughly equal amount of sawdust. 

Rhinocort Aqua and Nasonex are preparations containing topical nasal corticosteroids (budesonide and mometasone furoate respectively). Otrivine contains a nasal decongestant (xylometazoline) and Sudafed is a systemic preparation containing a nasal decongestant (phenylephrine). Molcer is a preparation for ear-wax removal and which contains docusate sodium. Emadine contains an antihistamine (emedastine) and is presented as eye drops. 

Dexamethasone and betamethasone are corticosteroids available for topical application in eye products. Docusate sodium is indicated for ear wax removal. 

Brand Name(s) Auro Ear Drops, Debrox, E-R-O Ear, Gly-Oxide, Mollifene Ear Wax Removing, Murine Ear Drops, Orajel Perioseptic, Proxigel OTC (gel, solution)... 

The wax-bearing stock is diluted with propane, naphtha, or other solvents and the mixture is chilled to crystallize the wax. This mixture is then introduced into a cooled vessel containing, for example, a rotating cathode and a stationary anode. An electrical charge is impressed upon the solid wax particles by the action of a high potential current and these particles are collected on the rotary oppositely charged electrode. The wax deposited on the electrode may then be washed with cold solvent to remove adhering and occluded oil, and the wax removed. 

The source of paraffin wax is the lighter lubricating oil fractions after distillation from the crudes. The wax content of these is commonly 10 zfc 5% (103). These oils set to gels due to crystallization of the wax and therefore wax removal is a necessity for lubricating-oil manufacture. Wax is a true by-product, yet one of such great value that at times it is prepared as a primary product and the oils are cracked. 

The distillation residuum contained a large amount of wax that separated when the residuum was cooled to room temperature. The wax was removed by mixing the residuum with three times its volume of acetone, chilling the mixture to 32° F, and filtering out the precipitated wax. Acetone was removed from both the filtrate and precipitate by distillation. Total wax removed, including a small quantity washed from the distillation column with boiling acetone, amounted to 48 weight-percent of the residuum. 

Wetting and detergency properties give rapid wetting, effective wax removal and good fabric rewettability whilst controlling the peroxide bleaching. Contains no silicate. 

In addition to wax removal, rice bran oil contains sufficient saturated and high melting glycerides to require winterization to gain a cold test of 5 hours (8,43). Without winterization, dewaxed rice oil is frequently cloudy or turbid even at room temperature or slightly lower. 

It is worth noting that Liu et al. (65) studied the wax removed from an oil that had been stored at 0°C for 1 week, allowing enough time for crystallization and fractionation to take place. The wax contained preferentially esters of a higher number of carbons. Carelli et al. (53) extracted quantitatively all the waxes contained in a crude sunflower oil. 

S.3.2.3. Sunflower Dewaxing Procedures Several methods are used for wax removal. Most widespread are those associated to the refining process, whereas cold degumming and superdegumming, both related to the treatment of crude oils, are scarcely used (57, 66). 

Use Emulsifying agent, drycleaning soaps, soluble textile oils, wax removers, metal-cutting oils, cosmetics, emulsion paints, plasticizers, insecticides. 

Solvents in use for wax removal include propane, which also serves as an autorefrigerant for the process by solvent evaporation, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)-toluene mixtures, and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). The last two systems are in widest use at present. MEK-benzene was once a common solvent combination for dewaxing but has now been abandoned from benzene toxicity considerations. 

There are many pharmaceutical products widely used in medicine and dentistry that contain phenol, sometimes in fairly high concentrations. Bonain s local anesthetic mixture, combining menthol, cocaine and phenol, is well known, and is used, for example, as an intranasal analgesic treatment for certain facial pains. Other products containing phenol include hemorrhoid creams, chilblain solutions, ear drops or wax remover drops, psoriasis treatments, and mouth sprays with phenol in concentrations ranging from 3 mg/ml to 50 mg/g. Applying these products locally introduces only a small quantity of phenol into the organism at well-spaced intervals, and does not appear to cause intoxication. 

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