Water pollution protection

Pollution in all its aspects is concerned not only with the environment within the factory, but also the environment outside and around the factory. Control of air, ground and water pollution protects the manpower asset directly and the money asset indirectly. Adverse publicity resulting from an organisation causing some form of pollution would initially harm the organisation s image, and perhaps harm it economically. Persistent breaches of one or other of the Acts dealing with pollution can ultimately lead to prosecution and fines with further adverse publicity, both at local and national level. 

Beneficiation faciUties require air and water pollution control systems, including efficient control of dust emissions, treatment of process water, and proper disposal of tailings (see AiRPOLLUTlON CONTROLMETHODS). In handling finished fluorspar, operators must avoid breathing fluorspar dust and contacting fluorspar with acids. Proper disposal of spills and the use of respirators and other personnel protective equipment must be observed. Contact with fluorspar may irritate the skin and eyes. 

Envinonmental Protection Agency, 12040 ENC 12/71 Water Pollution Control Research Service, Interstate Paper Corp., 1971. 

In-Depth Studies on Health and Environmental Impacts of Selected Water Pollutants, report on contract number 68-01-4646, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1978. 

In sea-water systems such attack may occur under dead barnacles or shellfish, the decomposing organic matter assisting corrosion. Pitting is most likely to occur in polluted in-shore waters, particularly when hydrogen sulphide is present. In such contaminated waters non-protective sulphide scales are formed and these tend to stimulate attack. 

Dredge materials subject to the permitting requirements of Section 404 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of Section 103 of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 are not considered hazardous wastes. 

A successful modem hazardous industrial waste treatment program for a particular industry will include not only traditional water pollution control but also air pollution control, noise control, soil conservation, site remediation, radiation protection, groundwater protection, hazardous waste management, solid waste disposal, and combined industrial-municipal waste treatment and management. In fact, it should be a holistic environmental control program. Another intention of this handbook series is to provide technical and economical information on the development of the most feasible total environmental control program that can benefit both industry and local municipalities. Frequently, the most economically feasible methodology is a combined industrial-municipal waste treatment. 

IEPA. 1988a. Illinois water quality report 1986-1987. Springfield, IL Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Water Pollution Control. IEPA/WPC/88-002. 

IEPA. 1998b. Title 35 Environmental protection Subtitle C Water pollution Chapter 1. Pollution control board. Springfield, IL Illinois, Environmental Protection Agency. State of Illinois Rules and Regulations. 

For example, preventing further spread of pollution by surface water and ground-water. Environmental protection of soils as a resource may also lead to policies favouring redevelopment of brown fields over green fields. 

Gaudy, A.F. Jr. and E.T. Gaudy (1971), Biological concepts for design and operation of the acti vated sludge process, US Environmental Protection Agency, Water Pollution Research Series, Rep. no. 17090, FQJ, 09/71, USEPA, Washington, DC. 

CONCAWE, Water Pollution Special Task Force No. 11 (T. L. de Pastrovitch, Y. Baradat, R. Barthel, A. Chiarelli, and D. R. Fussell), 1979, Protection of Groundwater from Oil Pollution. The Hague, the Netherlands. 

Figure J. Preparation of a welJ-defined single-crystal electrode by four steps, (a) Mirror-rinished crystal is annealed under gas flame, and (b) quenched in air and then pure water, (c) The crystal is covered with a droplet of pure water to protect it from pollution by impurities in air and (d) is introduced into the cell, where the crystal contacts the meniscus of the electrolyte solution. (From Ref. 25.)...

The Clean Water Act (CWA or the Water Pollution Control Act) is the cornerstone of surface water quality protection in the United States and employs a variety of regulatory and nomegulatory tools to sharply reduce direct pollutant discharges into waterways and manage polluted runoff. The objective of the Clean Water Act is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of water systems. 

The Clean Air Amendments to the Air Quality Act and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments were enacted to protect the environment. They have directly affected the operations of chemical firms, particularly those of research and development. 

Webb, R. G. Isolating Organic Water Pollutants, XAD Resins, Urethane Foam, Solvent Extraction National Environmental Research Center. Office of Research and Development. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Corwallis, OR, 1975 EPA report 660/4-75-003. 

The rate of water contamination from many point sources has decreased markedly since the passing of the Clean Water Act of 1972 and its subsequent amendments. Prior to 1972, the user of a water supply, such as a municipality, was responsible for protecting the supply. Because it is far more efficient to control water pollutants before they are released into the environment, the Clean Water Act shifted the burden of protecting a water supply to anyone discharging wastes into the water, such as a local industry. 

The Environmental Protection Law is a comprehensive law on environmental protection. Article 33, which is directly related to management of POPs, states, The production, storage, transportation, sale and use of toxic chemicals and materials containing radioactive substances must comply with the relevant state provisions so as to prevent environmental pollution. In addition, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, the Marine Environment Protection Law, the Law on Environmental Impact Assessment, and the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes have all put forward pollution prevention requirements. Previous experience can also be used in the management of POP-like materials. Presently, China has no laws that specifically address management of POPs. 

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