Containment radioactive materials

Applicability Pozzolanic processes are suitable for high-volume, low-toxicity wastes containing radioactive materials or heavy metals with an organic content below 10 percent. 

Fallen in the hands of criminals, which as a rule have a very remote notion on the danger of ionizing radiation, radioactive sources become a serious threat for the life and health of the terrorists themselves, as well as of casual persons. And the attempt to extract the ampoule with the radioactive source from its protection block is equal to expose oneself to radiation. Besides, in the event of destruction of the ampoule containing radioactive material, radioactive contamination of a large territory can occur. Such an incident happened already in Taromskoe suburb of Dnepropetrovsk. 

Dirty bomb A conventional explosive device also containing radioactive materials used for the express purpose of contaminating property and/or terrorizing the general public. 

Parking a vehicle containing radioactive materials in a highly populated area... 

The vendor also claims that RadAway can effectively separate mixed waste—waste containing radioactive materials and hazardous solvents. This separation allows the solvent to be disposed of separately from the radioactive component, greatly reducing disposal costs. However, RadAway does not have regulatory approval for mixed waste. 

This Section describes the concepts used in exempting waste that contains radioactive material and discusses efforts in the United States to establish exemption levels for radioactive waste. 

Always treat laboratory equipment in a radioanalytical chemistry laboratory as if it contained or had contained radioactive material. Glassware that has been used with radioactive material should be segregated and properly labeled. 

Cases and drawers containing radioactive materials should be clearly marked. There should be posted safety rules that limit and specify what types of interactions are allowed with these specimens. Contact with these specimens should be limited to hands. Keep radioactive materials away from the eyes, mucous membranes, and reproductive organs (don t carry them around in your pocket). Anyone handling these materials should wash their hands immediately afterwards. 

The implementation of safety guidelines is the responsibility of radiation safety officer and the radiation safety committee. The radiation safety officer is required to conduct periodic inspection of the locations and areas containing radioactive materials and to present a report of inspection to the safety committee for information and implementation of the recommendations. 

Johnson, J.E., Smoke detection containing radioactive materials. In Radioactivity in Consumer Products, pp. 134-440. NUREG/CP-0001, 1978. 

A state representative is proposing a bill in the legislature that declares No person shall discharge into the atmosphere any gaseous effluent containing radioactive materials. Would you be in favor of this bill Is it feasible ... 

Hazardous waste that contains radioactive material (i.e., mixed waste) is regulated under both the AEA and RCRA. Under the AEA, the EPA has responsibility for setting radiation protection standards, which are implemented through DOE orders, e.g., Order 5820.2A for DOE radioactive materials (2 ). This dual regulation further complicates environmental restoration activities that involve mixed waste. 

Table 9.4. Labeling categories for packages containing radioactive materials ...

Additional Marking Requirements for Certain Hazardous Materials The regulations also require certain additional markings for packages containing radioactive materials, Other Regulated Materials (ORM), and hazardous substances and wastes. 

Freight containers with capacities of less than 640 cubic feet need not be placarded when containing hazardous materials if the container is labeled in accordance with Subpart E of Part 172 and the mode of transpK)rtation is other than by air. When air transportation is involved, such containers must be placarded with one placard, unless the container is labeled in accordance with Section 172.406(e)(3), or contains radioactive materials requiring the RADIOACTIVE YELLOW-III label and is placarded with one RADIOACTIVE placard and is labeled in accordance with Section 172.406(e). 

Placarding may not, however, be used instead of labeling on a package containing radioactive material. 

Special form radioactive material shall mean either an indispersible solid radioactive material or a sealed capsule containing radioactive material. IAEA para. 239... 

Special form radioactive material means either indispersible solid radioactive material or a sealed capsule containing radioactive material. The sealed capsule shall be so constructed that it can be opened only by destroying the capsule. Special form radioactive material shall meet the following requirements . 1 it shall have at least one dimension not less than 5 mm and. 2 it shall comply with the requirements specified in IAEA paragraph 503. IMO Class 7, 2.22.1... 

The surveillance programme should include tighmess checks, leak tests of all other systems and components designed to contain radioactive materials, or continuous testing as appropriate. 

Note that normal glow-in-the-dark signs do not contain radioactive material. They depend upon phosphorescence, a completely different physical phenomenon, and usually remain sufficiently visible for 1 to 4 hours after activation by exposure to light. 

There are a number of other classes described in paragraphs 30.15-20 of 10 CFR, in which the persons purchasing certain items containing radioactive materials are exempt fiom having a license, although the original manufacturer must have had a specific hcense to allow production of the unit. Among these are self-luminous devices and gas and aerosol detectors. 

Many laboratories conduct operations which do not require the use of radioactive materials, in the same space as those in which radioactive materials are employed. In many of these instances, different personnel are employed in the two programs. Nonusers of radioisotopes should be made sufficiently aware of the procedures required for the safe, legal use of radiation so that they will neither inadvertently violate any safety requirements for the use of byproduct radioactive materials, nor misunderstand any actions of the employees involved with radiation. While the licensed users of radioactive materials are present, they can and must take precautions to avoid exposing the other persons in the laboratory unnecessarily to radiation, but when they are not present, the nonusers need to be aware of the areas where radioactive sources and waste are stored and areas they should avoid if there is any possibility of contamination. If proper security procedures are followed, the latter should theoretically not be possible. Any area containing radioactive materials should be clearly marked with signs bearing the radiation symbol and the label ... 

Excreta containing radioactive material from persons undergoing medical diagnosis or... 

Animal tissue containing radioactive material in the amounts specified cannot be disposed of in a way that would allow its use as either animal or human food. The licensee may use incineration to dispose of radioactive materials subject to the limitations of this section. 

Sufficient holdup capacity shall be provided for retention of gaseous and liquid effluent containing radioactive materials, particularly where unfavorable site environmental conditions can be expected to Impose unusual operational limitations upon the release of such effluent to the environment. In addition, radioactive effluents shall meet the provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act as required in DOE 5400.1. 

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