Personnel protective equipment

Can the current control system protect personnel, equipment, and the environment in the event of an emergency ... 

A hierarchy of process control activities was presented in Fig. 1.8. Process control plays a key role in ensuring process safety and protecting personnel, equipment, and the environment. Controlled variables are maintained near their set points by the application of regulatory control techniques and advanced control techniques such as multivariable and constraint control. 

A filter cake from the wringer is washed to remove absorbed acid, transferred to a slurry tank of water, and quickly submerged, after which the nitrocellulose is pumped to the stabilization operation as a diluted water slurry. Exhaust systems are installed to protect personnel and equipment from acid fumes, and water sprays and cyclone separators are used for acid fume recovery before venting to the air. 

Insulation provides other functions in addition to energy conservation. A key role for insulation is safety. It protects personnel from bums and minimizes hot surfaces that could ignite inflammables. It also protects equipment, piping, and contents in event of fire. Thus materials such as mineral wool are sometimes used despite relatively poor thermal quaUties. 

It is virtually impossible to design a fail-safe operation of a chemical process. However, many companies have attempted to minimize liazardous conditions by developing a systematic approach to process design. Implemention of these acdons hoped to aeliieve maximmn protection to personnel, equipment, and die public. 

This is one of the simplest applications of the flow of a compressible fluid and it can be used to illustrate many of the features of the process. In practical terms, it is highly relevant to the design of relief valves or bursting discs which are often incorporated into pressurised systems in order to protect the equipment and personnel from dangers which may arise if the equipment is subjected to pressures in excess of design values. In many cases it is necessary to vent gases evolved in a chemical reaction. 

When and emergency egress route is provided it should be protected from the effects of fire and smoke or the personnel equipped with a means to protect themselves when transversing it. It has been shown that people are reluctant to enter into smoke that reduces visibility to less than 10 meters (33 ft.), even when it is not hazardous to do so. Where the effects of fire, smoke and explosions are likely emergency egress route, it is the same as not providing an egress route. 

Facility personnel who perform testing and maintenance on fire protection equipment and systems must be experienced and knowledgeable in the systems and on the protocols for testing and maintenance. Knowledge can include work history, educational experience, craft certification, manufacturer certification, field verification, and job assessment and testing. Testing and maintenance personnel may be pump mechanics, pipe fitters, instrument technicians, electrical technicians, millwrights, fire protection personnel or other qualified personnel. 

Proper care must be exercised at all times to protect personnel from accidents, fires, or explosions, and to limit damage to equipment and loading areas. In this connection, the precautionary measures in the following paragraphs should be observed... 

Equipment at high or low temperatures is insulated to conserve energy, to keep process conditions from fluctuating with ambient conditions, and to protect personnel who have occasion to approach the equipment. A measure of protection of the equipment metal against atmospheric corrosion also may be a benefit. Application of insulation is a skilled trade. Its cost runs to 8-9% of purchased equipment cost. 

It is desirable to install specially designed reprocessing equipment behind massive concrete shielding (sometimes as much as 1.5 m thick) to protect personnel from... 

Protecting personnel against dangers caused by overpressure in the equipment when all other safety equipment has failed... 

Any spills of epoxy resin or epoxy components should be cleaned up immediately. The immediate concern is to protect personnel, prevent a possible fire hazard, and contain the spill until it is cleaned up. Persons engaged in spill clean-up should be protected from vapors and from skin contact by wearing appropriate protective clothing and equipment. Persons engaged in spill clean-up should also be aware of proper disposal techniques for the materials used in the process. 

The product of this 8 year systematic study was the publication of the safety design manual entitled, "Structvires to Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions" (Army s Publication TM5-1300). An outline of studies leading to publication of this manual is shown in Fig 1. The manual contains procedures, charts, and tables required to establish the environment of an explosion and its output in terms of blast and fragments. The relations are presented in such a manner that the type of protective structure may be selected, analyzed, and designed to provide a safe level of protection for personnel, equipment, and for separation of potentially mass detonating materials. 

Provides appropriate personnel, equipment, and supplies, coordinated through the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Emergency Management Operations Center primarily for coordination of animal issues such as disposal of animal carcasses, protection of livestock health, and zoonotic diseases associated with livestock. 

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