Decomposer organisms

BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand - the rate at which microorganisms use the oxygen in water or wastewater while stabilizing decomposable organic matter under aerobic conditions. In decomposition, organic matter serves as food for the bacteria and energy results from this oxidation. 

Upset An upset digester does not decompose organic matter properly. The digester is characterized by low gas production, high volatile acid/alkalinity relationship, and poor liquid-solids separation. A digester in an upset condition is sometimes called a "sour" or "stuck" digester. 

Carbon The solubility of carbon in sodium has been measured it is considered lower than the corresponding value for oxygen (2 p.p.m. of carbon at 520°C) but is sufficiently high to give rise to undesirable effects. Carburisation of refractory metals and of austenitic stainless steels has been observed in sodium contaminated with carbon e.g. oil, grease or a low alloy ferritic steel the source of which can be either decomposed organic material, e.g. oil, or a ferritic steel of low or zero alloy content. The latter is an example of... 

In sea-water systems such attack may occur under dead barnacles or shellfish, the decomposing organic matter assisting corrosion. Pitting is most likely to occur in polluted in-shore waters, particularly when hydrogen sulphide is present. In such contaminated waters non-protective sulphide scales are formed and these tend to stimulate attack. 

Slightly decomposed organic matter most is recognizable litter... 

AES is a useful element-specific technique for quantitative determination of the elemental composition of a surface. Although some chemical information is available in principle, the technique is used largely for elemental analysis. Electron beam damage can decompose organic adsorbates and cause damage, particularly on insulating surfaces. In some cases, the beam can reduce metal oxides. 

S0rensen et al. (44) hypothesized that finer plant residues (i.e., upon grinding) may have better contact between substrate and decomposer organisms within the soil matrix and would decompose less extensively than coarser (i.e., intact. 

Synergism based on the mixture of a chain-breaking antioxidant (sterically hindered phenol) and a hydroperoxide decomposer (organic sulfides or phosphites). 

More direct and successful methods for the preparation of non-aqueous metal sols are desirable. Especially valuable would be a method that avoids the metal salt reduction step (and thus avoids contamination by other reagents), avoids electrical discharge methods which decompose organic solvents, and avoids macromolecule stabilization. Such a method would provide pure, non-aqueous metal colloids and should make efficient use of precious metals employed. Such colloids would be valuable technologically in many ways. They would also be valuable to study so that more could be learned about particle stabilization mechanisms in non-aqueous media, of which little is known at the present time. 

Batley and Farrah [ 120] and Gardner and Yates [118] used ozone to decompose organic matter in samples and thus break down metal complexes prior to atomic absorption spectrometry. By this treatment, metal complexes of humic acid and EDTA were broken down in less than 2 min. These observations led Gardner and Yates [ 118 ] to propose the following method for the determination of cadmium in seawater. 

Chen Y, Magen H, Riov Y (1994) Humic substances originating from rapidly decomposing organic matter properties and effects on plant growth. In Senesi N, Miano TM (eds) Humic substances in the global environment and implications on human health. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherland, pp 427-443... 

Baumann H, Stucki S (1988) Process for decomposing organic matter and/or microorganisms in pretreated feed water for ultrapure water circuits Eur Pat Appl EP 281, 940 Chem Abstr. 110 (1989) 44706d... 

Oi 0-5 cm undecomposed organic material, mainly bark, twigs, and needles Oe 5-10 cm partially decomposed organic material like that of the horizon above... 

Very acid nonsoil mixture of inorganic salts and decomposed organic matter... 

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