Waste management life cycle assessment

Industrial ecology is a recent concept in engineering and management, and is an attempt to manage an industrial unit as an ecosystem, with feedback loops and the minimal use of resources and production of waste [7]. Life cycle assessment, which was designed to take into account the environmental impact of waste, can help achieve cleaner production technologies and sustainable waste management practices which are all important aspects of... 

Dezhen Chen XZaGZ (2007) Life cycle assessment of RDF production from aged MSW and its utilization system. In International conference on sustainable - solid waste management, Chennai... 

Song, H.-S. and Hyun, J.C., A study on the comparison of the various waste management scenarios for Pet bottles using life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, Resources, Conserv. Recycl. 27, 267-284, 1999. 

G. L. Nelson, Ecology and plastics, CHEMTECH, 25(12), 50 (1995). http //www.cimwb.ca.gov./organics/conversion/events/resultwrk.shp/lca.ppt California Integrated Waste Management Board, Life Cycle Assessment of Waste Conversion Technologies, April (2004). 

F. Perugini, U. Arena and M. L. Mastellone, A life cycle assessment of mechanical and feedstock recycling options for management of plastic packaging wastes, Env. Progress, 24(2), 137-154 (2005). 

With the growing awareness for the protection of the environment, there is a greater need for producers to improve the environmental profile of their products. Consumers and regulatory bodies expect more information on the effects of products on the environment during their manufacture, use, and disposal. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is used as a holistic approach to assess the impact of a product throughout its life cycle. An important aspect of LCA is recycling and waste management. 

Traditional methods for clean manufacturing focus on waste or energy audits, which are summarized in Section 4.1. New methods focus on life cycle design, life cycle assessment, production planning models with environmental considerations, and environmental management systems, which are described in Sections 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, and 4.5, respectively. 

In line with its environmental strategy DuPont has adopted an Integrated Resource Management (IRM) approach to its activities. This includes directives on waste avoidance, waste minimisation, reuse and recycling and the evaluation of environmental decisions and industrial activities with Life Cycle Assessment. The resulting strategy for the DuPont nylon business will be presented, with the emphasis on recycling efforts. 

Carlsson Reich M. Economic assessment of municipal waste management systems—case studies using a combination of life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC). J Clean Prod 2005 13 253-263. 

Winkler J, Bilitewski B. Comparative evaluation of life cycle assessment models for solid waste management. Waste Manag 2007 27 1021-1031. 

Barton JR, Dailey D, Patel VS. Life cycle assessment for waste management. Waste Manage Oxf 1996 16(l-3) 35-50. 

Gentil EC, Damgaard A, Hauschild M, pinnveden G, Eriksson O, Thorneloe S, et al. Models for waste life cycle assessment review of technical assumptions. Waste Manage Oxf 2010 30(12) 2636-48. 

Use of life-cycle assessment techniques to analyze material choices, processes, and waste disposal continues to increase. Some countries in Europe require life-cycle analysis before products are introduced. The U.S. EPA and the Department of Energy have jointly sponsored research to develop the tools and information needed for life-cycle analysis-based decisions about solid waste management strategies. The results of this project have already undergone peer review by experts, and are scheduled to be released in 2000. This study includes both economic and environmental aspects, and will have relevance internationally as well as in the United States. ... 

Use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a Policy Tool in the Field of Sustainable Packaging Waste Management,... 

Discarded plastics deemed unsuitable for recycling require waste treatment management which includes an alternative route of disposal. Life cycle assessments rarely incorporate limiting the impact... 

We return to 1,4-DCB and to the use of multimedia enviromnental models in Chapters 3 and 4. As this relatively simple discussion shows, life cycle assessment reflects a tremendous paradox. The principle of conservation of mass is simply stated and readily understood. But applying that principle to the manufacture and use of a chemical to anticipate environmental consequences is a tremendously complex undertaking that requires myriad input data— with all their variability and imprecision— and numerous assumptions regarding real-world conditions. Even rigorous models can only approximate the complexity of chemical behavior and environmental interactions, which are complicated many-fold by the regional variations in product usage, waste management, and environmental conditions. Nonetheless, those models can produce useful first approximations of the concentrations of chemicals in the environment to assess the consequences of their use. 

The cradle-to-factory gate system boundary is justified on the basis of all forms of PDO have the same use and end-of-life impacts. However, life-cycle assessments of polymers are frequently sensitive to assumptions regarding end-of-life disposition (J2). Additional analyses taking a cradle-to-grave perspective including use and waste management should be conducted. 

Hong, J., Hong, J., Otaki, M., et al., 2009. Environmental and economic life cycle assessment for sewage sludge treatment processes in Japan. Waste Management 29,696-703. 

EPA 2006. Solid waste management and greenhouse gases—A life-cycle assessment of emission and sinks. 3rd Edition. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. September 2006. 

Hanandeh, A.E., 2015. Energy recovery alternatives for the sustainable management of olive oil industry waste in Australia life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production 91, 78-88. 

The application of waste-management practices in the United States has recently moved toward securing a new pollution prevention ethic. The performance of pollution prevention assessments and their subsequent implementation will encourage increased activity into methods that 1 further aid in the reduction of hazardous wastes. One of the most important and propitious consequences of the pollution-prevention movement will be the development of life-cycle design and standardized hfe-cycle cost-accounting procedures. These two consequences are briefly discussed in the two paragraphs that follow. Additional information is provided in a later subsection. 

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