Auditing of energy use

See also Auditing of Energy Use Capital Investment Decisions Economically Efficient Energy Choices Energy Economics Industiy and Business, Productivity and Energy Efficiency in. 

Measurements and Audits. The enabling element of continuous improvement is measurement. An old rule of thumb says that increased accuracy in measuring an energy use ultimately yields a reduction in use equal to 10% of the increased closure of the balance. A basic principle of economics is that any thing that is free is used in excess, ie, an unmetered electrical use is bigger than expected by at least 10%. Metering of the cost elements at each unit in a chemical plant provides effective accountabhity. Measurements should be linked via computer software to production as weh as to weather to result in maximum feedback. 

Energy audits are also leveraged with a system commonly called over the fence energy. In this scheme, the end-user does not buy equipment, but purchases a commodity such as steam, heat, or compressed air from a third party. The third party owns, leases, or operates the equipment used to provide the energy service. It is then in the interest of that third party to ensure that energy audits are routinely carried out and unnecessary energy use is kept to... 

Energy information data for the fluid milk process as reported by Xu and Flapper (2009) or obtained by energy audit is very useful for establishing benchmark performance of dairy processing plants. However, since the fluid milk process consists of several steps, energy information on each step in the fluid milk process is needed as well to lower the energy costs and GHG emissions associated with pasteurization. 

Task 2, Eco-auditing Identify specific examples of materials use, energy use, and pollution and waste reduction (any form of throughput) ... 

Gong Z., Stanovsky J., Mujumdar A.S., 2011, Energy audit of a fiberboard drying production line using Simprosys software. Drying Technology, 29(4), 408-418. 

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