Voluntary initiatives program

EPA s National Performance Track (NPT) and Stewardship voluntary initiative program with P2 objective... 

Other than the few voluntary initiatives, C R programs in various countries are supported by laws specifically mandating recycling of fluorescent lamps. Legislative back up is therefore preferable for an effective program. 

The extension into peacetime of project-research required a commonly held ideal similar to the "inspiration of a common patriotism." Armsby believed this could be found in the program of the newly reorganized NRC, in that its plan for cooperative research was based upon the voluntary initiative of investigators, united by their common interest in solving problems essential for the advancement of science in the United States. Because the leaders of the NRC were convinced that this attitude prevailed... 

It is not that LSUBR has been dragged kicking and screaming into affirmative action, because there have been a number of voluntary initiatives, but there have also been some definite actions taken by the courts. Some of these integration lawsuits are still in place and are monitored to date. Thus, many campuswide programs have developed in response to these actions. 

The Verified Internet Pharmacy Practice Site (VIPPS) program is a voluntary certification program for online pharmacies and is sponsored by the NABP This program, initiated in 1999, provides a means for online pharmacies to demonstrate compliance with VIPPS criteria including patient rights to privacy, authentication and security of prescription orders, adherence to a... 

J. Moffet and F. Bregha, The Responsible Care Program. In R. Gibson (Ed.), Voluntary Initiatives (Broadview Press, Toronto, 1999). 

Calculated from Sunset Dates of Chemicals Subject to Final TSCA Section 4 and Related 12(b) Actions, September 1,2009, available at http //www.epa.gov/oppt/chemtest/pubs/sunsettable. html. This total does not include studies performed pursuant to the voluntary initiatives such as the High Production Volume challenge, but does include HPV chemicals that were not voluntarily studied and were later the subject of test rules. See Chapter 10. Voluntary Initiatives, for a discussion of the HPV and other voluntary programs. 

See Chapter 10. Voluntary Initiatives for a discussion of the High Production Volume Challenge Program, and see Chapter 2. TSCA s Scope for a discussion of nanomaterials. 

Volume (HPV) chemicals. The plaintiffs contended that the EPA had made de facto B findings when it initiated a voluntary testing program for HPV chemicals. In fact, the EPA conceded that it had found that HPV chemicals were made in substantial quantities and that there was insufficient data and testing was needed to determine the effects of the chemicals. However, the Court found that the EPA had not made findings of substantial release or substantial exposure, and therefore was not required to issue test rules for HPV substances. 

Reference materials and program status can be found at the EPA s Web site. While the HPV program is at this stage fully mature, these materials may be of some value in understanding how future voluntary initiatives might... 

For a discussion of the HPV Challenge Program and associated test rules, see Chapter 10. Voluntary Initiatives. 

Under this system, it is essential that data recorded by employers be uniform and accurate to assure the consistency and validity of the statistical data which are used by OSHA for many purposes, including inspection targeting, performance measurement under the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), standards development, resource allocation. Voluntary Protection Program (VPP) eligibility, and low-hazard industry exemptions. The data also aid employers, employees, and compliance officers in analyzing the safety and health environment at the employer s establishment and is the source of information for the OSHA Data Initiative (ODI) and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Annual Survey. 

Following the development of the motor program, neurons originating in the multimodal motor association areas transmit impulses by way of association tracts to neurons of the primary motor cortex. The primary motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus, which is the most posterior region of the frontal lobe adjacent to the multimodal motor association areas (see Figure 6.3) this area initiates voluntary contractions of specific skeletal muscles. Neurons whose cell bodies reside here transmit impulses by way of descending projection tracts to the spinal cord, where they innervate the alpha motor neurons (which innervate skeletal muscles). 

The cerebrocerebellum is involved with the planning, programming, and initiation of voluntary activity. It also participates in procedural memories or motor learning. This region of the cerebellum receives input from and provides output to the cortical motor areas directly. Lesions of the cerebrocerebellum cause delays in initiating movements and irregularities in the timing of multistep movements. 

To address emissions of flame-retardants, a Voluntary Emissions Control Action Program (VECAP ) was initiated by the Bromine Science and Environmental Forum (BSEF).112 The VECAP Pilot program was initiated in the U.K. textiles industries in 2004 to reduced emissions of deca-BDE in line with the Code of Good Practice. After 1 year of implementation, the U.K. Pilot Program achieved a 75% reduction in emissions to water.113 The second year, a total of 90% reduction in emissions was then realized. 

Harvested grapes are delivered to the wineries within a few hours after harvesting to ensure that the fruit is in sound condition. The wine industry, recognizing the importance of sound fruit in winemaking, instituted a wine grape inspection program with the State of California. This voluntary program was initiated in 1957. 

Yet another initiative is the Voluntary Children s Chemical Evaluation Program , which has been running since 2000 as a pilot project and centres on 20 chemicals that children are exposed to.30 In a recent evaluation, the program was commended by industry and criticized by civil society (GAO 2007). 

On the other hand, a number of EPA-initiated voluntary agreements and programs have led to well-needed risk management measures in some important cases, for instance regarding fluorinated substances such as PFOA, detergents and certain brominated flame retardants (see further in EDF 2007a). 

The EPA is also investigating the use of voluntary means to reduce effluent. One such voluntary program is the Industrial Toxics Project, aimed at reducing environmental releases of 17 high-risk chemicals. This initiative is more frequently... 

Genetic screening had reached a new stage in late 1960 when public health officials initiated voluntary screening of adults to detect heterozygous carriers of specific recessive traits, such as Tay-Sachs, another degenerative disease. Subsequently, several states passed laws to establish mandatory programs to screen for carriers of sickle-cell anemia. 

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