Vision damage

HUMAN HEALTH RISKS Inhalation human LCLo 1300 ppm for 30 minutes RfC 0.007 mg/m Acute Risks burning sensation hoarseness coughing wheezing shortness of breath headache nausea vomiting dental discoloration and erosion inflammation and ulceration of the respiratory tract Chronic Risks vision damage gastritis dermatitis bums destructive to tissues spasms pneumonitis pulmonary edema. 

Carbarsone (Amebarsone) was once widely used for the treatment of intestinal amebiasis. Like other arsonic acids, however, carbarsone may cause skin rashes and even damage to the vision. Although it is stiU available for medicinal use, it is really obsolete as an amebicide because less toxic and more effective nonarsenicals are now available (174). 

These are locations where condensation can accumulate. If allowed to accumulate, at some time it will enter the compressor as a slug of liquid and cause damage. If the piping configuration must contain a loop, the lower portion of the loop should be instrumented to detect the presence of liquid accumulation. Both for the drums and for the piping loops, pro vision must be made to drain any liquid that may be present. 

Vision is vital for human activities, and eyes are very sensitive to a number of toxic insults induced by chemical compounds. The most serious outcome is permanent eye damage which may be so severe as to cause loss of vision. The eye consists of the cornea and conjunctiva, the choroid, the iris, and the ciliary body. It also contains the retina, which is of neural origin, and the optic nerve. The retina contains photoreceptors, a highly specific light-sensitive type of neural tissue. The eye also contains the lens and a small cerebrospinal fluid system, the aqueous humor system, that is important for the maintenance of the steady state of hydration of the lens and thus the transparency of the eye. 

Hydroxychloroquine administration may result in irritability, nervousness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea This drug also may have adverse effects on the eye, including blurred vision, comeal edema, halos around lights, and retinal damage. Hematologic effects, such as aplastic anemia and leukopenia, may also be seen. 

Adverse reactions associated with administration of the corticosteroid ophthalmic preparations include elevated IOP with optic nerve damage, loss of visual acuity, cataract formation, delayed wound healing, secondary ocular infection, exacerbation of comeal infections, dry eyes, ptosis, blurred vision, discharge, ocular pain, foreign body sensation, and pruritus. 

The goals of therapy are to prevent further loss of visual function minimize adverse effects of therapy and its impact on the patient s vision, general health, and quality of life control intraocular pressure in order to reduce or prevent further optic nerve damage and educate and involve the patient in the management of their disease. 

Photodynamic therapy uses non-thermal red light to activate verteporfin, which produces reactive oxygen species that locally damage the neovascular endothelium.24 Verteporfin treatment reduces the risk of loss of visual acuity and legal blindness over 1 to 2 years. Long-term results are not yet available. Severe photosensitivity for 3 to 5 days after the procedure is common and some patients experience a severe loss of vision. Eventually, most patients have some visual recovery. This procedure requires multiple treatments over time.22... 

Thus far in this book we have discussed one- or two-component photochemical systems which because of their relative simplicity lend themselves quite well to laboratory study. Consequently the mechanisms of many of the photoreactions we have discussed have been elucidated in exquisite detail. As we turn our attention in this chapter to some photochemical aspects of living systems, we shall find much more complex situations in which mechanistic details are just now beginning to be obtained. In some systems, such as those which exhibit phototaxis or phototropism, so little is known that our treatment must as a consequence be limited to only a brief discussion of these phenomena. The topics we will consider here are photosynthesis, vision, phototaxis and phototropism, and damage and subsequent repair of damage by light. Due to space limitations, a discussion of the very fascinating area of bioluminescence must be omitted. 

Sensations interpreted as pain, including burning, aching, stinging, and soreness, are the most distinctive forms of sensory input to the central nervous system. Pain serves an important protective function because it causes awareness of actual or potential tissue damage. Furthermore, it stimulates an individual to react to remove or withdraw from the source of the pain. Unlike other forms of sensory input, such as vision, hearing, and smell, pain... 

Abuse of laxatives can lead to a number of health problems, including imbalances in the levels of minerals (electrolytes) in the body, which can lead to dehydration, tremors, weakness, blurry vision, and kidney damage. Laxatives can also change the way nerve endings in the colon work, which can cause the laxative abuser to need more laxatives to have a bowel movement. Other problems with the digestive system that can result from laxative abuse include an increased risk of colon infection (resulting from a loss of the protective cover that lines the colon), rectal pain, gas, and severe constipation. Finally, laxative abuse may lead to both cancerous and noncancerous tumors in the bowel. 

Walls or roofs tend to block vision and access, trap sand, debris, and reduce ventilation so that flammable vapors are not as quickly dispersed. They may also collapse if there is an explosion or deflagration. They can therefore contribute to secondary effects by falling onto pipes an equipment that may substantially exceed damage from the original explosion or deflagration. They can also lead to a false sense of security. 

Symptoms of exposure Severe irritation and blurred vision on exposure to vapors. Skin contact with 40% aqueous solution can cause skin burn and tissue damage (Patnaik, 1992). An irritation concentration of 9.00 mg/m in air was reported by Ruth (1986). 

Symptoms of exposure Strong irritation of eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Contact with skin may cause necrosis. Eye contact with liquid can cause corneal damage and loss of vision (Patnaik, 1992). 

---