Tissue damage

The concentration of t-PA in human blood is 2—5 ng/mL, ie, 2—5 ppb. Plasminogen activation is accelerated in the presence of a clot, but the rate is slow. The dissolution of a clot requites a week or more during normal repair of vascular damage (17). Prevention of irreversible tissue damage during a heart attack requires that a clot, formed by mpture of an atherosclerotic plaque, be dissolved in a matter of hours. This rapid thrombolysis (dissolution of the clot) must be achieved without significant tibrinogenolysis elsewhere in the patient. 

Second, the a-particles deposit energy locally, breaking many bonds and causiag much tissue damage. 

One area of research is the replacement of sulfur with selenium to enhance the potency of organic compounds in pharmaceutical apphcations. This has seldom been successflil and often the toxicity is increased. There are some exceptions, eg, selenazofurin, phenylaminoethyl selenide, ebselen, and selenotifen (64). Selenazofurin is a cytotoxic compound having antitumor properties, phenyl aminoethyl selenide is used to reduce hypertension, ebselen inhibits a variety of inflammatory and tissue damaging reactions, and selenotifen is an antiallergic agent. 

Chloroformates, especially those of low molecular weight, are lachrimators, vesicants, and produce effects similar to those of hydrogen chloride or carboxyhc acid chlorides. They can also irritate the skin and mucous membranes, producing severe bums and possible irreversible tissue damage. 

Hydrogen fluoride Catalyst in some petroleum refining, etching glass, silicate extraction by-product in electrolytic production of aluminum Petroleum, primary metals, aluminum Strong irritant and corrosive action on all body tissue damage to citrus plants, effect on teeth and bones of cattle from eating plants... 

Short-term exposure limit (STEL) TLV - the eoneentration to whieh it is believed that workers ean be exposed eontinuously for a short period of time without suffering from initation, ehronie or irreversible tissue damage, or nareosis of suffieient degree to inerease the likelihood of aeeidental injury, impair self-reseue or materially reduee work effieieney, and provided that the daily TWA limit is not exeeeded. A STEL is a 15 min TWA exposure whieh should not be exeeeded at any time during the work day even if the TWA is within the TLV. It should not oeeur more than four times per day or without at least one hour between sueeessive exposures. 

Nitric oxide may induce deleterious effects when airway epithelial or immunological cells are exposed to mineral particles (asbestos, quartz). These particles also stimulate cells to produce NO in large quantities, but pulmonary cells are unable to destroy these particles, and a non-physiologically excess production of NO results, perhaps causing tissue damage due to a reaction of NO with cellular macromolecules. 

Besides the shortcomings noted above, some of the early sulfa drugs were poorly soluble in water. Since the drugs are excreted largely unchanged in the urine, crystals of the compounds sometimes formed in the kidneys and urine with attendant discomfort and tissue damage. Considerable attention was therefore devoted to preparation of agents with better solubility characteristics. ... 

Antiinflammatory. A drug that attenuates the swelling and pain induced by tissue damage. 

Myocardial infarction. Blockage of the blood flow to a portion of the heart muscle leading to tissue damage. 

As new compounds, very limited research has been done to evaluate the biological effects of ionic liquids. The topical effect of [EMIM]C1/A1C13 melts and [EMIMjCl on the integument of laboratory rat has been investigated. The study reports that [EMIMjCl is not in itself responsible for tissue damage. However, the chloroaluminate salt can induce tissue irritation, inflammation, and necrosis, due to the presence of aluminium chloride. However, treatments for aluminium chloride and hydrochloric acid are well documented. This study needs to be expanded to the other ionic liquids, and their toxicity need to be investigated [46]. 

Neurotransmitter and biogenic amine derived from the amino acid histidine synthesized in hypothalamic tuber-omamillary neurons (TMN) to maintain wakefulness, feeding rhythms, energy balance, neuroendocrine autonomic control, and memory functions prominent immu-nomodulator and proinflammatory signal released from mast cells in response to allergic reactions or tissue damage. 

CA C1 C01.034 Cathepsin S Tissue damage associated with inflammation... 

MA M10 M10.001 Matrix metallopeptidase-1 Drug target for prevention of pathological tissue damage... 

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