Piping configuration

Inlet Piping Configurations. An incorrect piping configuration can create undesirable flow distortions that, especiaUy for double-suction pumps, means turbulence. Air pockets trapped in the pipe can cause uneven flow, vibrations, and pump damage. 

The piping configuration from the outlet of the drum is important. If possible, there should be no liquid traps in the compressor inlet line. 

These are locations where condensation can accumulate. If allowed to accumulate, at some time it will enter the compressor as a slug of liquid and cause damage. If the piping configuration must contain a loop, the lower portion of the loop should be instrumented to detect the presence of liquid accumulation. Both for the drums and for the piping loops, pro vision must be made to drain any liquid that may be present. 

Accumulation of Noncondensihles - Noncondensibles do not accumulate under normal conditions since they are released with the process vapor streams. However, with certain piping configurations, it is possible for noncondensibles to accumulate to the point that a condenser is "blocked". Such a condition could occur if an automatic vent control valve failed closed for a period of time. This effect is equal to a total loss of coolant, and thus need not be considered separately. 

Symmetric, staggered pipe configuration distance between the pipe centerlines is 32 mm. 

As piping drawings are developed, re-evaluate those lines where estimated pressure drop was a criterion in size selection, taking into account the actual piping configuration and effects of control and piping components. 

Location and piping configuration must consider the possibility of DDT. For example, for end-of-line and in-line deflagration flame arresters, the location must be identical to the test piping configuration or a DDT may occur. 

Centrifugal pumps are highly susceptible to turbulent flow. The Hydraulic Institute provides guidelines for piping configurations that are specifically designed to ensure laminar flow of the liquid as it enters the pump. As a rule, the suction pipe should provide a straight, unrestricted run that is six times the inlet diameter of the pump. 

The importance of combining longitudinal strain analyses is that it often provides the designer with a minimum wall thickness on which to base the ultimate choice of pipe configuration. For instance, assume that the combined longitudinal analysis indicates a... 

Inorganic membranes employed in reaction/transport studies were either in tubular form (a single membrane tube incorporating an inner tube side and an outer shell side in double pipe configuration or as multichannel monolith) or plate-shaped disks as shown in Figure 7.1 (Shinji et al. 1982, Zaspalis et al. 1990, Cussler 1988). For increased mechanical resistance the thin porous (usually mesoporous) membrane layers are usually supported on top of macroporous supports (pores 1-lS /im), very often via an intermediate porous layer, with pore size 100-1500 nm, (Keizer and Burggraaf 1988). 

Tubular shaped membrane in double pipe configuration... 

Figure 7.1. Typical membrane reactor configurations (a) reactor with plate-shaped membranes, (b) tubular-shaped membrane in double pipe configuration and (c) multichannel monolith.

Porous Vycor glass tube (in double pipe configuration), wall thickness 3 mm, length 600 mm, outer diameter 15 mm, mean pore diameter 45 A. Feed enters the reactor at shell side, permeate at tube side. ... 

Porous alumina tube (in double pipe configuration), wall thickness 1 mm, length 200 mm, outer diameter,... 

The term tube side in this and the following tables refers to the inner side of the inner tube of the double pipe configuration shown in Figure 7.1b. Similarly the term shell side refers to the outer side of the inner tube (thus the inter-tubular area) of the double pipe configuration shown in Figure 7.1b. The terms outer and inner diameters refer to the diameters of the membrane tube... 

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