Phonographic record

Poly(vinyl chloride-i o-vinyl acetate) [9003-22-9] has found appHcation in flooring, phonograph records, protective coatings, fibers, and some films and sheeting. Because of their low viscosity and good processabihty, such copolymers constitute the bulk of the vinyl tile market. The total production of PVC copolymers in 1989 was 113,500 t (73) (see Vinyl polymers). 

Copolymers of vinyl chloride, containing 5 to 40 percent vinyl acetate made by the inclusion of vinyl acetate in the polymerization process, have lower softening points and flow more easily than polyvinyl chloride. They are soluble in ketones, such as acetone, and certain esters for making film from solutions. They are used for phonograph records, rigid clear sheeting, and molding pov... 

Vinyl chloride Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Root tile, raincoats, pipe, phonograph records... 

The following has been re-recorded from an old worn phonograph record of which only two were ever made. The master and one copy. Both are old and worn and could only be made audible again on a modem powerful machine. Audibly enough to be transcribed on a soundtrack and herewith partly made public for the first time. Perhaps two or three more playings would erase the last traces of sound. 

Compact discs (CDs), which may be found in over 25 million American homes, not to mention backpacks and automobiles, first entered popular culture in the 1980s. But their history goes back to the 1960s, when an inventor named James Russell decided to create an alterna-(5) five to his scratched and warped phonograph records—a system that could record, store, and replay music without ever wearing out. 

During the next four years many additional new polymers were synthesized. Most proved of little commercial value, but the list includes three of the top-ranked popular plastic families - the polyvinyls used for phonograph records and floor tiles polyacrylics (such as Lucite) used in paints, airplane windows and buna N and buna S, two versions of synthetic rubber. Thus few households are not affected by even his early contributions. 

Polyesters are also produced naturally in some animals. In particular, shellac is a natural product that was for many years of major commercial importance as a moulding resin (e.g. for phonograph records) and a varnish. It is a constituent of lac, which is secreted by the lac insect of S. E. Asia and exuded by it onto trees. Shellac, which is obtained by purification from lac, is a complex polyester which can be hydrolysed to polyhydroxylic acids such as 9,10,16-trihydroxyhexadecanoic acid [97],... 

We have updated, edited, and rewritten every chapter in this book and even added two more chapters, qualifying us to use the advertisers mantra, New and Improved. ARer 10 years in the market place, the need to create a third edition came to us like a paper cur from licking an envelope. We were rereading parts of the 1990 edition — the chapters on polymers — and noted we said that a big market for polyvinyl chloride was phonograph records. Later on we said, probably all the wood on the front of your console TV is polystyrene. Well, lifestyles change with time and so do technologies, stimulating us to produce a new, more usehd edition. 

Novolac on heating with formaldehyde undergoes cross linking to form an infusible solid mass called bakelite. It is used for making combs, phonograph records, electrical switches and handles of various utensils. 

Large scale production of Vinylite resins, vinyl chloride-acetate copolymers, was started in 1933, at which time the material was marketed as molding compounds for the fabrication of phonograph records, dentures, rigid panels, and novelties (21). Several years elapsed before the introduction of highly plasticized polyvinyl chloride sheeting and the resultant widening market. 

Electroforming. The reproduction of an object or a pattern by electro deposition (See under Electrochemistry). A mold of the object to be reproduced is made in a soft metal or in wax (by impression). The non-conductor mold surface is made conductive by coating with graphite. Some suitable metal is then deposited electro lyrically on the mold surface. This mold is then (in most cases) a negative of the object to be produced. Most extensive use is in the phonograph record industry Ref GondChemDicc (1961), 434-R... 

After the war, PVC replaced Bakelite as the medium for making phonograph records. 

When an X-ray crystallographer determines the structure of a compound such as NaCl (Fig. 4.1a), usually only the spacing of ions is determined, because the repeated spacings of the atoms diffract the X rays as the grooves on a phonograph record diffract visible light. However, if very careful measurements are made, accurate maps of electron density can be constructed since, after all, it is the electrons of the in-... 

No part of this book may be reproduced by any mechanical, photographic, or electronic process, or in the form of a phonographic recording, nor may it be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or otherwise copied for public or private use, without written permission from the publisher. 

These polymers commonly are described as PVC plastics or less specifically as vinyl. They are materials that may be either flexible or rigid according to what they are mixed with, and they are used in the manufacture of many familiar articles such as plastic curtains, rainwear, floor tile, synthetic leather goods, upholstery, table mats, phonograph records, insulation, plastic pipes, tubing, and packaging materials. 

Materials and products used in the storage of information paper, books, leather, parchment, photographic materials, microfilm, motion picture film, magnetic tape, video tape, and sound discs (phonograph records). 

Boobytrapped phonograph record. Potassium chlorate vaseline field expedient explosive placed in record grooves. Detonated by friction of phonograph needle. Is this feasible and practical,or a pipe dream ... 

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