VIDEO ANALYSIS

Many laboratories are equipped with commercial video frame grabbers and video image analysis systems, the operation of which is nicely explained by Russ (5). Many of the concepts involved apply both to video analysis and to the analysis of matrices obtained with a mechanical scanning stage driven by a stepper motor. Video scanning is very rapid, but slow mechanical scanning can be very precise and accurate. 

Juszczak, G. R., Sliwa, A. T., Wolak, P., Tymosiak-Zielinska, A., Lisowski, P., et al. (2006) The usage of video analysis system for detection of immobility in the tail suspension test in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 85, 332-338. 

Horst, R. van der (1991), Video analysis of road user behavior at intersections. In T.W. van der Schaaf, D.A. Lucas and A.R. Hale (eds), Near Miss Reporting as a Safety Tool. Butterwortb-Heinemann. Oxford,... 

This study was the first to report mechanical properties of tibial compartment fascia in humans. Fascia specimens were tested in directions along a visible fiber orientation (axial) and perpendicular to the fibers (transverse). Cross-sectional area was measured using a caliper and surface strain was measured from video analysis of stain markers on the tissue surface. Specimens were subject to stress relaxation tests as well as as load-to-failure tests conducted at 20 mm/second at room temperature and humidity. 

Keywords Special education research Video analysis... 

The competence areas can be transferred to Deci and Ryan s (2000) psychological needs of autonomy (personal skills), competence (visible in subject matter and methodological learning), and relatedness (social skills). Diagnostic assessment of the skills was done by observations and discussions with the classroom teacher during the whole 9-month period. Video analysis was added for a short period (90 min) of guided inquiry. 

The video analysis would give me an opportunity to reflect on action with some distance. Video recording is recommended when teachers analyze their own classes (Altrichter et al., 2007). Furthermore, the data produced by video analysis is not influenced by students attainment levels like interviews, for example, would be. Due to the students language skills, I decided not to use questiormatres. 

Keywords Anterior cruciate ligament Video analysis Injury mechanism... 

As mentioned above, it is important to understand the detailed injury mechanisms in order to develop specific prevention methods for ACL injuries. A number of different methodological approaches have been used to investigate ACL injury mechanisms. These include athlete interviews, clinical studies, laboratory motion analysis, video analysis, cadaver studies, and mathematical simulations [10]. 

Among several different approaches to investigate ACL injury mechanisms, video analysis of injury tapes is the only method available to extract kinematic data from actual injury situations. However, video analyses have so far been limited to simple visual inspection [7,9,24], and the accuracy of this method has been shown to be poor, even among experienced researchers [25]. In additimi, simple visual inspection is not sufficient to extract a time course for joint angles, velocities, and accelerations therefore, it is difficult to determine the point of ACL rupture. The analyses are also compromised with poor video qualities. 

Krosshaug T, Nakamae A, Boden BP, Engebretsen L, Smith G, Slauterbeck JR, Hewett TE, Bahr R (2007) Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in basketball video analysis of 39 cases. Am J Sports Med 35(3) 359-367... 

Olsen OE, Myklebust G, Engebretsen L, Bahr R (2004) Injiuy mechanisms for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in team handball a systematic video analysis. Am J Sports Med 32(4) 1002-1012... 

Boden BP, Torg IS, Knowles SB, Hewett TE (2009) Video analysis of anterior cmciate ligament injury almormalities in hip and ankle kinematics. Am J Sports Med 37(2) 252-259... 

Furthermore, qualitative methods like video analysis of behavior [72] can also be used. These consider the direct observation of user s behavior during the actual task in order to find the meaning of certain situated actions and, for instance, the reasons for a breakdown during the interaction. 

A. W. Kushniruk and V. L. Patel, "Cognitive computer-based video analysis Its application in assessing the usability of medical systems," MEDINFO, 8 1566-1569,1994. 

Video sensor-based activity recognition (VSAR) This is the classical activity-recognition approach which attempts to capture a human s activity information using appropriately placed cameras. Video analysis is the most important and challenging aspect of VSAR. 

VSAR 1. Video includes richest information thus, applied range is the widest 2. Easy setup of environment 1. Violates privacy 2. Sensitive to environment (e.g., light condition and viewpoint variation) 1. Healthcare 2. Security 3. Interactive applications 4. Content-based video analysis... 

Figure 16-14. Successive images showing the motion of a bacterium as it secretes a cellulose ribbon using real-time video analysis. In (1), the bacterium is attached to and synthesizing its cellulose on the monomolecular rail track. In (2), the bacterium has jumped the track and is beginning to change its orientation. (3) to (5), the bacterium is generating the first complete spiral. In (6), the bacterium is on the second rotation of a spiral...

To decrease stickiness and increase chewiness, peanut particles are sometimes added to finely ground peanut butter. This product is labeled chunky peanut butter . Video analysis techniques have been developed for measuring defects and color in peanut butter (Whitaker et al., 1987). 

Either local gas volume fraction or the vessel average fraction (gas hold-up) may be measured. Where the amount of surface motion in the gas-liquid system is not excessive, an estimate of the vessel average gas hold-up may be made by visual observation of the level change (possibly aided by video analysis). 

Gilbert, J. A., A. J. Banes, G. W. Link, and G. L. Jones. 1990. Video analysis of membrane strain An apphca-tion in cell stretching. Exp Tech 14 43-5. 

Rodrigues, S., Pearce, J., Livett, M. (2001). Using video-analysis or data loggers during practical work in first year physics. Educational Studies, 27, 31-44. 

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