Tail suspension test

Raphe lesion-induced muricidal behaviour Tail suspension test... 

Porsolt RC, Chermat R, Lenegre A, Avril I, Janvier S, Stern L (1987) Use of the automated tail suspension test for the primary screening of psychotropic agents. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 288 11-30... 

As a facet of anxiety-like behavior, 5-HTia receptor KO mice show genotype-dependent and background strain-unrelated increase in stress reactivity in two paradigms of behavioral despair, the forced swim and tail suspension tests... 

NK1R mice also exhibited a reduced proneness to depression in the forced-swimming and tail suspension tests (Rupniak et al. 2001). Also, the... 

The so-called tail suspension test applies a similar principle (Steru et id., 1985 Fujishiro et ah, 2001). Instead of being immersed in water the animal (usually a mouse) is suspended by its tail. Following an initial period of struggling, untreated (control) animals remain predominantly in an immobile posture whereas animals treated immediately before the experiment with an antidepressant drug show a reduction in the time spent immobile. 

Fujishiro, J., Imanishi, T., Baba, J., Kosaka, K. Comparison of noradrenergic and serotonergic antidepressants in reducing immobility time in the tail suspension test. Jap. J. Pharmacol. 85(3), 327-330, 2001. 

Steru, L., Chermat, R., Thierry, B., Simon, P. The tail suspension test a new method for screening antidepressants in mice. Psychopharmacology 85. 367-370. 1985. 

Tail suspension test Panlab, Barcelona, Spain Columbus Instruments, Columbus OH, United States Bioseb, Vitrolles, France www.panlab.com www.colinst.com www.bioseb.com... 

Juszczak, G. R., Sliwa, A. T., Wolak, P., Tymosiak-Zielinska, A., Lisowski, P., et al. (2006) The usage of video analysis system for detection of immobility in the tail suspension test in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 85, 332-338. 

Bourin, M., Chenu, F., Ripoll, N. and David, D. J. (2005) A proposal of decision tree to screen putative antidepressants using forced swim and tail suspension tests. Behav Brain Res 164, 266-269. 

Strain-dependent antidepressant-like effects of citalopram in the mouse tail suspension test. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 183, 257-264. 

Loftier et al. 2006). Coadministration of sulpiride and fluvoxamine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, increased in vivo dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex of rats (Ago et al. 2005a). The increase probably is the neurochemical counterpart of the antidepressant-like effect of coadministration of sulpiride and fluvoxamine in mice, as measured in the tail suspension test (Ago et al. 2005b). A recent clinical trial showed superior antidepressant efficacy of the combination of sulpiride plus the serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine compared with paroxetine alone and, importantly enough, an accelerated antidepressant response of the combination (Uchida et al. 2005). 

Specifically, these studies found that 5-HT1A-R null animals showed increased anxiety-like behavior in the open field, elevated plus maze, elevated zero maze, and novel object tests. 5-HT1A-R KOs were also less immobile in the forced swim and tail suspension tests, the same response induced in these tests by antidepressant drugs. However, it is unclear whether this decreased immobility truly reflects an antidepressant-like coping reaction mediated by increased 5-HT transmission or whether it simply reflects an increased stress response in these anxiety-prone mutant mice (12). 

HT1A / mice express an antidepressant phenotype in tests of antidepressant efficacy. In particular, several laboratories have demonstrated that 5-HT1A / mice demonstrated decreased immobility in the forced swimming (6,7) and tail suspension tests (5,38). Because decreased immobility could not be reproduced in wild-type mice by the use of a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, the... 

More recent findings demonstrate that the deletion of the 5-HT1B receptor has profound effects, particularly in female mice. Female, but not male, 5-HT1b / mice demonstrated decreased immobility at baseline in both the forced swimming and tail suspension tests (41). These effects seem to be mediated in part by higher 5-HT levels, as depletion of 5-HT with PCPA increased female 5-HT1B / mouse immobility to wild-type levels (41). 

Under basal conditions, 5-HT2C / mice demonstrated immobility levels in the tail suspension test that are comparable to wild-type mice. However, they exhibited enhanced responding to fluoxetine (43). Additional experiments revealed that the SSRI citalopram and the 5-HT2B/2C receptor antagonist SB 206553 given in combination to wild-type mice decreased immobility in... 

Mansikka H, Pertovaara A (1995) The role of alpha 2-adrenoceptors of the medullary lateral reticular nucleus in spintil antinociception in rats. Brain Res Bull 37 633-638 Mantovani M, Kaster MP, Pertile R, Ctilixto JB, Rodrigues ALS, Santos ARS (2006) Mechanisms involved in the antinociception caused by melatonin in mice. J Pineal Res 41 382-389 Mantovani M, Pertile R, Ctilixto JB, Santos ARS, Rodrigues AL (2003) Melatonin exerts an antidepressant-like effect in the tail suspension test in mice evidence for involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and the L-aiginine-nitric oxide pathway. Neurosci Lett 343 1 ... 

Belozertseva IV, Kos T, Popik P, Danysz W, Bespalov AY. Antidepressant-like effects of mGluRl and mGluR5 antagonists 58. in the rat forced swim and mouse tail suspension tests. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007 17 172-179. 

Cryan JE, Mombereau C, Vassout A (2005b) The tail suspension test as a model for assessing antidepressant activity Review of pharmacological and genetic studies in mice. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 29 571-625. 

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