Video Imaging analysis

The spinning drop technique measures the shape of the oil drop in the flooding solution in a capillary tube. An automatic measuring system has been developed by combining a video-image analysis, an automatic recording system, and a computer for calculation of the interfacial tension [1865]. 

Many laboratories are equipped with commercial video frame grabbers and video image analysis systems, the operation of which is nicely explained by Russ (5). Many of the concepts involved apply both to video analysis and to the analysis of matrices obtained with a mechanical scanning stage driven by a stepper motor. Video scanning is very rapid, but slow mechanical scanning can be very precise and accurate. 

Interruptions of photoelectric beams, activity wheels, changes in electromagnetic fields, Doppler effects video image analysis, telemetry... 

Recently, an automatic color video image analysis system was developed to quantify antigen expression (androgen receptor) (Kim et al.,T999a). This system provides a linear relationship between the antigen content and mean optical density of the immunoperoxidase-substrate reaction product. Titration of antibody, concentration, and reaction duration of the substrate can be optimized with this system. The imaging hardware consists of a Zeiss microscope, a three-chip charge-coupled-device camera, a camera control board, and a Pentium-based personal computer. 

Kim, D., Gregory, C. W., Smith, G. J., and Mohler, J. L. 1999a. Immunohistochemical quantitation of androgen receptor expression using color video image analysis. Cytometry 35 2-10. 

M 14] [P 14] Video-image analysis of the droplet displacement shows that an S-shaped dependence over time is yielded, i.e. the initial and final velocities are low, having the highest velocity after an induction period for the moving droplet [98],... 

Surfactin in the supernatant was confirmed and the concentration determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis as described by Noah et al. (4). Surface tension was measured using video image analysis of inverted pendant drops as previously described (5). All data points are an average of five measurements taken of the cell-free supernatant. 

Locomotor activity can be quantified in rodents by a variety of means, interruptions of photoelectric beams, activity wheels, changes in electromagnetic fields, Doppler effects, video-image analysis, telemetry (Reiter and McPhail 1979). As has been suggested above, it is not very important how locomotion is measured because the main outcome measure is whether a test substance increases or decreases spontaneous locomotion. 

Another time-consuming aspect of the paradigm described above is the off-line visual analysis of the video recordings, conducted after test completion. Considerable economies can be realized by use of commercially available automatic video image analysis systems. Once correctly validated, these... 

The use of fluorescent compounds can be coupled with video-imaging analysis to produce exposure estimates over virtually the entire body (Fenske and Bim-baum, 1997). This approach requires pre- and post-exposure images of skin surfaces under long-wavelength ultraviolet illumination, development of a standard curve relating dermal fluorescence to skin-deposited tracer, and chemical residue sampling to quantify the relationship between the tracer and the chemical substance of interest as they are deposited on the skin. 

Screening of Transformants by Fluorescence Video Imaging Analysis... 

Figure 1 Fluorescence Video Imaging Analysis of C. reinhardtii.

Evaluation of the Wake Effects on Plume Dispersion Using Video Image Analysis... 

Herr,W., Linn,B., Leister, N., Wandel,E., MeyerzumBuschenfelde, K.H.,and Wolfel, T. (1997) The use of computer assisted video image analysis for the quantification of CD8+ T lymphocytes producing tumor necrosis factor a spots in response to peptide antigens. Journal of Immunological Methods, 203,141 152. 

Salmon, E.D., et al. Diffusion coefficient of fluorescein-labeled tubulin in the cytoplasm of embryonic cells of a sea urchin video image analysis of fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching. Journal of Cell Biology, 1984, 99(6), 2157-2164. 

The feasibility of employing fluorescent tracers and video imaging analysis to quantify dermal exposure to pesticide applicators has been demonstrated under realistic field conditions. Six workers loaded a tracer with the organophosphate pesticide, diazinon, into air blast sprayers, and conducted normal dormant spraying in pear orchards. They were examined prior to and immediately after the application. UV-A illumination produced fluorescence on the skin surface, and the pattern of exposure was digitized with a video imaging system. Quantifiable levels of tracer were detected beneath cotton coveralls on five workers. The distribution of exposure over the body surface varied widely due to differences in protective clothing use, work practices and environmental conditions. This assessment method produced exposure values at variance with those calculated by the traditional patch technique. 

P.P. Youssef, etal. Variability in cytokine and cell adhesion molecule stainingin arthroscopic synovial biopsies Quantification using color video image analysis, /. Rheumatol, 24 (12), 2291-2298,1997. 

Termite Antifeedant Choice Bioassay Two filter paper disks (2cm diam.) were treated with 25 pi of extract or solvent (acetone or methanol) in three replicates (250 pg/disk), and placed on moistened sand in 55 mm diam. petri dishes, with 30 Reticulitermes speratus workers. After 2 weeks, the amount of feeding on each disk was recorded using video image analysis (as described above). The same antifeedant index as in the leaf-disk bioassay was calculated. 

Zalewski, P. D. Millard, S. H. Forbes, I. J. Kapaniris, O. Slavotinek, A. Betts, W. H. Ward, A. D. Lincoln, S. F. Mahadevan, I. Video image analysis of labile zinc in viable pancreatic islet cells using a specific fluorescent probe for zinc. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1994, 42, 877-884. 

---