Mechanical injuries

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is the acquired presence of darker macules and patches of skin occurring at sites of previous cutaneous inflammatory conditions. The processes preceding the altered skin color include mechanical injuries, allergic reactions, primary inflammatory skin disorders, and therapeutic interventions. 

Limited information was located regarding dermal absorption of inorganic lead in animals. An early study reported that lead acetate was absorbed from the clipped skin of rats, as determined by an increase in the concentration of lead in the kidneys relative to controls (Laug and Kunze 1948). It was further shown in that study that mechanical injury to the skin significantly increased the penetration of lead and that the penetration of lead from lead arsenate was significantly less than from lead acetate. 

Effect on content of polyphenolic compounds Complete protection from stress, however, appears to reduce plant synthesis of polyphenolic compounds, which are known to be produced as part of the plant s inducible resistance response to fungal and pest attack, but are also produced in response to certain abiotic stress factors such as mechanical injury (Feucht and Treutter, 1999). 

Keenan, K. P., J. W. Combs and E. M. McDowell, Regeneration of hamster tracheal epithelium after mechanical injury, Virchows Arch. [Cell Pathol.] 41, Parts I, II, and II 193-252 (1982). 

The response-to-injury hypothesis states that risk factors such as oxidized LDL, mechanical injury to the endothelium, excessive homocysteine, immunologic attack, or infection-induced changes in endothelial and intimal function lead to endothelial dysfunction and a series of cellular interactions that culminate in atherosclerosis. The eventual clinical outcomes may include angina, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and sudden death. 

Pesticide containers were triple rinsed, crushed and disposed of as solid waste (Figure 3). Containment of liquid wastes by the newly constructed plastic lined pit was questionable after one year. There appeared to be some leakage or fluctuation of the liquid level. There is continual danger of rupture of such liners by mechanical Injury, chemical Interaction, rodents, etc., which could result in contamination... 

Plant gums may be defined as those substances of plant origin which are obtained as exudations from the fruit, trunks or branches of trees spontaneously or after mechanical injury of the plant by incision of the bark or by removal of a branch, or after invasion by bacteria or fungi. 

An attempt has been made to classify gums into two main groups (a) real gums which are those plant products which form a clear solution in water and (b) vegetable mucilages which are those which swell but do not dissolve completely in water. This classification is useful but not entirely satisfactory since there are exceptions. Thus gum traga-canth, a tree exudate and a true plant gum, is only partially soluble in water and exhibits those properties normally attributed to mucilages. In this section of the article the term plant gum will be restricted to those complex acid polysaccharides which are exuded from trees either spontaneously or after mechanical injury. 

Cardiopulmonary bypass, with extracorporeal circulation during cardiac artery bypass graft or heart valve replacement surgery, causes transient hemostatic defects in blood cells and perioperative bleeding. The protease inhibitor aprotinin (Trasylol) inhibits kalhkrein (coagulation phase) and plasmin (hbrinolysis) and protects platelets from mechanical injury. The overall effect after infusion is a decrease in bleeding. 

CS025 Saijo, R. and T. Takeo. Increase of CIS CS037 3 hexen l ol content in tea leaves following mechanical injury. Phytochemistry 1975 14 181—182. 

Gould, K.S., McKelvie, J., and Markham, K.R., Do anthocyanins function as antioxidants in leaves Imaging of H2O2 in red and green leaves after mechanical injury. Plant Cell Environ., 25, 1261, 2002. 

Moore, R.P., Effects of mechanical injuries on viability, in Viability of Seeds, Roberts, E.H., Ed., Chapman Hall, London, 1972, 100. 

Figure 12.2 Development of skinned tubers during harvesting due to mechanical injury and or immature tubers (reproduced with permission from Lewis 2007).

Mondy, N. I., Leja, M. (1986). Elfeet of mechanical injury on the ascorbic acid content of potatoes. Journal of Food Science, 51,355-357. 

Tannins are used in medicine primarily because of their astringent properties, which are due to the fact that they react with the proteins of the layers of tissue with which they come into contact. Tannins are known to tan the outermost layer of the mucosa and to render it less permeable and more resistant to chemical and mechanical injury or irritation however, the correlation between the molecular structures of tannins and the astringent/antiulcer activity is not known. 

Gregory CR, Huang X, Pratt RE, et al, Treatment with rapamycin and mycophenolic acid reduces arterial intimal thickening produced by mechanical injury and allows endothelial replacement, Transplantation 1995 59 655-661,... 

James TW, Wagner R, White LA, et al, Induction of collagenase and stromyelysin gene expression by mechanical injury in a vascular smooth muscle-derived cell line, J Cell Physiol 1993 ... 

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