Level attained

The armual world production of sodium nitrate was steady throughout the early 1990s. About 85% is suppHed by the natural product. The maximum world production of sodium nitrate occurred around 1930, at 3,000,000 t/yr, but the highest production levels attained by the Chilean nitrate industry (ca 2,900,000 t/yr) occurred in the late 1920s. Synthetic sodium nitrate production peaked in the mid-1930s at 730,000 t/yr. During that period, the Chilean industry production decreased to 1,360,000 t/yr. 

Active Dry Yeast (ADY). The production of active dry yeast is very similar to the production of compressed yeast. However, a different strain of yeast is used and the nitrogen content is reduced to 7% of soHds compared with 8—9% for compressed yeast. The press cake made with the active dry yeast strain is extmded through a perforated plate in the form of thin strands with a diameter of 2—3 mm and a length of 3—10 mm. The strands are dried on endless belts of steel mesh in drying chambers (a continuous process) or in roto-louvre dryers (a batch process), with the temperature kept below 40°C. Drying time in drying chambers is 3—4 h and in roto-louvre dryers is 6 h or more. The final moisture level attained is 7.5—8%. 

As with MAH, the extent of grafting varies dramatically vi ith the polyolefin substrate. Some differences have been attributed to variations in the type and amount of stabilizers present in the polyolefins substrate.326 In the case of isotactic PP, the maximum graft levels attained with 27 were found to correspond to only one unit of DEM per PP molecule 5 0 This would support a mechanism whereby grafts appear only at the chain ends. Higher graft levels were obtained with atactic PP. The higher reactivity of the atactic PP (and atactic sequences in... 

For a differential reactor and the same residence time the ratio of these rates will be equal to the ratio of the conversion levels attained. 

ILLUSTRATION 11.4 COMPARISON OF CONVERSION LEVELS ATTAINED IN TWO DIFFERENT REACTOR COMBINATIONS HAVING THE SAME RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION CURVE—FIRST-ORDER REACTION... 

The use of the reactor cascade model to estimate the conversion level attained in a first-order reaction is discussed in Illustration 11.7. 

Flunisolide is a fast-acting corticoid designed for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, asthma, and other allied respiratory disorders in humans. As the quantum of drug delivered by inhalation (/. e., the usual route of administration of the drug), is invariably small, the plasma-levels attained can also be fairly small. Hence, there is a dire need for a sensitive method of plasma concentration evaluation which is satisfied by radioimmunoassay. 

It is apparent from the values of ps that diffusional charging is primarily effective with very small particles, as might be expected. With particles as large as 10 microns the charge level produced in any reasonable time is small compared with what can be achieved with corona charging. For the 0.1-micron particle, however, the charge level attained by diffusion is of the same order and may be larger if the mean free path correction is allowed for. 

Dehydration is applied to natural gas, air for feed to air separation units, cracked gas (e.g., ethylene), various other hydrocarbon streams just to name a few. Zeolite molecular sieves play a major role in dehydration because of their abihty to reduce moisture content to very low levels attaining dew points of —100°C or lower. 

The TCAs are the only antidepressant class in which effectiveness is dependent on serum level. Attainment of the minimal therapeutic level is typically required for effectiveness. Exceeding the maximum treatment level usually provides no additional benefit and risks toxicity. Unique in this regard is nortriptyline, which is the only TCA with a therapeutic window. This means that beyond the maximum therapeutic level of 150ng/mL nortriptyline not only risks toxicity but is actually less effective at treating depression. Please refer to Table 3.9 for a summary of dosing guidelines and therapeutic levels. 

Rifampicin appears to be particularly promising in the treatment of tuberculosis, especially in combination with isoniazid. The prolonged high blood levels attainable with a single daily dose should simplify therapy. 

FIG. 10-103 Vacuum levels attainable with various types of equipment. (Courtesy of Compressed Air nmgazine.)... 

In settings with CD4 count monitoring, a fall of CD4 counts to levels below the baseline at ART initiation or a 50% drop in CD4 counts from the highest CD4 level attained as well as persistence of CD4... 

The lower water-cement ratio afforded by the use of a superplasticizer may be used to increase existing compressive strengths or to reduce cement content. Thus the use of superplasticizers may enable the precast producer to use lower cement content without reduction in mix workability and rate of strength development. The actual amount of cement reduction achieved will depend on the cement type used and the mix proportion used in the concrete. Previous work [63] indicates that even with low cement content (306 kg m 3) a normal dose of superplasticizer can accelerate 3- and 28-day strengths by 90% and 55%, respectively, over levels attained with a plain mix. Cement reductions in the range of 11-20% have been achieved in mixes with a cement content of 415 kg m, while maintaining desired strength... 

Pharmacokinetics Interferon beta-la-. After IM administration, peak serum levels attained in 3-15 hr. Biologic markers increase within 12 hr and remain elevated for 4 days. Half-life 10 hr (IM). Interferon beta-lb Half-life 8 min-4.3 hr. 

Apparently, the energy level attained in the extruder is not high enough to form stable linkages eimong smaller molecules produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of soy proteins (Figure 7). 

A. The scale describes six different levels of intoxication, each one more intense than the previous. The overall intensity of Salvia trips is scored according to the highest scale level attained during the course of the trip. 

Unlike mebendazole, flubendazole which is its halogenated analogue, produces only one-tenth of the plasma levels attained with mebendazole. When swine or poultry are treated with flubendazole, the tissue with the highest residues concentration and the slowest depletion rate is the liver. Residues in swine liver are primarily composed of the (2-amino-lH-benzimidazol-5-yl)-4-fluorophenyl-methanone metabolite, which is generally found at a much higher concentration than die parent drug. 

Pharmacokinetic studies revealed rapid systemic absorption after intramuscular administration of dexamethasone, with peak plasma levels attained at 0.5 h and 6 h in dogs and rats, respectively. It is rapidly excreted in urine and feces. Its biotransformation profile is comparable in rats and humans and mainly involves hydroxylation to 6-hydroxy- and 2-dihydroxy-derivatives followed by conjuga-... 

Azathioprine is orally absorbed with maximum blood levels attained within 1-2 h. The half-life of the parent drug is 10 min but its metabolite, 6-mercaptopurine, has a half-life of nearly 1 h, and some metabolites have an even longer half-life. The prodrug and the active metabolites both bind to plasma proteins with low affinity and are removed from tissues by oxidation or methylation. 

Fig. 22 shows the results of photometry of plates similar to that illustrated in Fig. 21. The relative intensities of suitable transitions were determined from the asymptotic limit at long time delays when the system attains equilibrium. (These resemble, but are not identical to, the relative/ values because of the usual instrumental effects which depend on line width.) The time variation of the relative concentrations is shown in Fig. 23 the upper four levels attain Boltzmann equilibrium amongst themselves after 100 /isec, to form a coupled (by collision) system overpopulated with respect to the 5DA state. The equilibration of the upper four levels causes the initial rise (Fig. 22) in the population of Fe(a5D3). Thus relaxation amongst the sub-levels is formally similar to vibrational relaxation in most polyatomic molecules, in which excitation to the first vibrational level is the rate determining step. In both cases, this result is due to the translational overlap term, for example, in the simple form of equation (14) of Section 3.

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