Control Plan

Fig. 1. Schematic of the role of an air quaUty model, in the air quaUty control planning process. Some studies, for example, the prediction of indoor air...

In 1966, the Los Angeles Air Pollution Control Board designated trichloroethylene as a photochemically reactive solvent that decomposes in the lower atmosphere, contributing to air pollution. In 1970 all states were requited to submit pollution control plans to EPA to meet national air quaUty standards. These plans, known as State Implementation Plans (SIPS), controlled trichloroethylene as a volatile organic compound (VOC). They were designed to have each state achieve the National Ambient Air QuaUty Standard (NAAQS) for ozone. The regulations were estabUshed to control the emission of precursors for ozone, of which trichloroethylene is one. 

Date of submittal of final control plan to appropriate agency... 

E-F Prepare preliminary control plan and O-P Procure constmction bids. 

The amount and type of hazards will determine the performance standard specified in site-specific control plans. This includes the content, detail, and formality of review. The approval of the plans is based on risk and hazard potential. Using the hazard-based approach, levels of risk or methods to rank risk (degree) are standardized. 

Site D lacked a sufficient CRZ and also lacked access/egress control for the exclusion zone. The site control plan did not accurately identify the function of the CRZ as a buffer zone between the exclusion zone and the support zone, and there was no buffer area between the decontamination pad and the road that runs adjacent to the pad, marked as a support zone. Also, an exclusion zone log-in procedure for tracking personnel who enter and exit this zone was not used on site as called for in the SSAHP. 

A note in clauses 4.10.1.1 and 4.12 explains that reference to the quality plan should be interpreted as control plan. 

The auditor should establish that the supplier has made provision to link all the processes and should follow trails through departments and processes to verify correct use of outputs from interfacing processes e.g. use of SPC charts, FMEA, MSA, control plans and changes to these when the products or processes change. 

The standard requires systems to be in place to ensure management of appropriate activities during concept development, prototype, and production according to customer advanced product quality planning and control plan manual or project management manual. 

Customer-supporting reference manuals on Advanced Quality Planning Control Plan Tools and Techniques... 

The standard requires the use of a multidisciplinary approach to prepare for product realization including development and review of special characteristics, FMEA, and control plans. 

The standard requires the supplier to apply the appropriate methods to identify special characteristics, to include these characteristics in the control plan, and to comply with any specific definitions and symbols the customer may use. 

The standard also requires documents such as FMEA, control plans, etc. to be marked with the customer s specific symbols to indicate those process steps that affect special characteristics. As the characteristics in question will be specified within documents, the required symbols should be applied where the characteristic is mentioned rather than on the face of the document. For drawings, the symbol should be applied close to the appropriate dimension or item. Alternatively, where a document specifies processes that affect a special characteristic, the appropriate symbol should be denoted against the particular stage in the process that affects that characteristic. The symbols therefore need to be applied during document preparation and not to copies of the document. The instructions to apply these symbols should be included within the procedures that govern the preparation of the documents concerned. 

Design for Manufacturability and Assembly Plan Design review reports Prototype control plan Engineering drawings and specifications Material specifications... 

The standard requires the supplier to develop control plans using a multidisciplinary approach at the system, subsystem, component, and/or material level for pre-launch and production and prototype when required. 

The purpose of the control plan is to ensure that all process outputs will be in a state of control by providing process monitoring and control methods to control product and process characteristics. The control plan is covered in section 6 of the APQP manual. It consists of forms containing data for identifying process characteristics and helps to identify sources of variation in the inputs that cause product characteristics to vary. The APQP manual provides excellent guidance on the compilation and use of the control plan so no further guidance is given here. 

Three types of control plan are required. During the product design and development phase, a prototype control plan is required to be produced. During the process design and development phase, a pre-launch or pilot production control plan is required, and during the product and process validation phase, the production control plan is to be issued. 

A sample format for a control plan is illustrated in Figure 2.8. 

The standard requires control plans to be reviewed and updated as appropriate when certain conditions arise. 

This requirement should have been unnecessary since clause 4.2.1 requires the quality system to be maintained. However, what it does do is overcome any ambiguity by defining the occasions when the control plan has to be updated. 

Design FMEA where applicable Control plans... 

The standard also requires that the instructions be derived from appropriate sources, such as the quality plan, the control plan, and the product realization process, which means that all instructions should be traceable to one or more of these documents. They should form a set, so that there are no instructions used outside those that have been approved by the planning team. This is to ensure that no unauthorized practices are employed. Another important aspect to consider is the use of informal practices - practices known only to the particular operator. Process capability should be based on formal routines, otherwise repeatability cannot be assured when operators change. 

This clause requires the designation of special characteristics that should have been accomplished during product realization (as required by clause 4.2.4.7). As for the documentation of special characteristics, the symbols should have been applied both when establishing the process controls and preparing the control plan (also clause 4.2.4.7) and associated documentation during the planning phase. Therefore the requirements not previously addressed are for the control of special characteristics and evidence of compliance i.e. quality records. 

The control plans should make provision for any specific controls required by the customer and these must be implemented. Evidence is required to show that all the controls specified in the control plan have been implemented and a way of doing this is to make provision for recording verification of conformity against the relevant requirement in the control plan. 

For inspection by variables the acceptance criteria have to be specified and the place to specify it is the control plan, which is submitted to your customer for approval. 

The standard requires a /ayout inspection and a functional verification to applicable customer engineering material and performance standards to be performed for all products at a frequency specified in the control plan. 

Measurement systems must be in statistical control so that all variation is due to common cause and not special cause. ISO/TS 16949 therefore requires that you devise a measurement system for all measurements specified in the control plan in which all variation is in statistical control. 

When carrying out quality planning you will be examining intended product characteristics and it is at this stage that you will need to consider how achievement is to be measured and what tool or technique is to be used to perform the measurement. When you have chosen the tool, you need to describe its use in the control plan. 

Advanced product qualify planning and control plan reference manual ANFIA evaluation of quality systems - checklist ANFIA evaluation of quality systems - guidelines for use Benchmarking, Sylvia Coding (Gower, 1998)... 

Air pollution in the United States is regulated at federal, state, and local levels. Allowable concentrations of the major air pollutants are set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the auspices of the Clean Air Act. States and localities implement pollution control plans in accordance with the provisions of the Clean Air Act in regions where air pollutant concentrations exceed the federal standards. Some states and localities have air pollution standards of their own, and in the past, such standards have occasionally been more stringent than those of the EPA. 

Table 3 shows the current health-related national ambient air quality standards set by the EPA as of 1999. Regions that violate these standards may be classified as nonattamment areas by the EPA, and can face sanctions if they do not promulgate pollution control plans that are acceptable to the agency. 

The recent rise in the use of expolosives in terrorist activity poses new challenges to industry and law enforcement. This challenge is being met by the use of sophisticated chemical detection devices to screen for bombs and more rigorous explosive inventory safeguards and controls. Plans have also been proposed to tag explosives with isotopes to make them easier to trace if misused. 

Statistical process control (SPC) is an important on-line method in real time by which a production process can be monitored and control plans can be initiated to keep quality standards within acceptable limits. Statistical quality control (SQC) provides off-line analysis of the big picture such as what was the impact of previous improvements. It is important to understand how SPC and SQC operate. 

Develop, publish, and maintain supporting emergency plans in accordance with AMC guidance and the ARMCOM Civil Disturbance, Force Mobilization, War Emergency, and Disaster Control Plans... 

The needle stick log will help both employees and employers track all needle sticks to help identify problem areas. The log must be maintained to protect the confidentiality of the injured employee. In addition, employers must have a written Exposure Control Plan that is updated annually. During the annual review, inquiries must be made about new or prospective safer options. If new safer devices are available, they should be adopted for use in the agency. The new guidelines will help reduce needle stick injuries among health care workers and others who handle medical sharps. Safety engineered devices such as self-sheathing needles and needleless systems can be used. 

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