Further Definitions

The next step is to define the intermediate event, tire failure. There are two events which could contribute a worn tire resulting from much usage or a tire that is defective owing to a manufacturing problem. These are both basic events because additional information is needed for any further definition. 

Fig. 6. A fault tree for the pumped storage example of Figure 5. For a real system the tank and pump failures would be more precisely defined, or set as intermediate events having further definition by subsequent basic events and more detailed failure modes.

Capacity. Capacity is a measure of the quantity of ions, acid, or base removed (adsorbed) by an ion-exchange material. The quantity removed is direcdy correlated with the number of functional groups. Capacity is reported ia several different ways, but requites further definition because the word by itself does not cover ad situations. Total capacity is a measure of ad the functional groups on a resia and is recorded on a weight as wed as a volume basis. 

Note all the above definitions relate only to external surfaees internal area, due to porosity, requires further definition. 

Further definition of initial blast strength is, however, a major research need that is so far unmet. 

If separate blast sources are located close to one another, they may be initiated almost simultaneously. Coincidence of their blasts in the far field cannot be raled out, and their respective blasts should be superposed. The safe and most conservative approach to this issue is to assume a maximum initial blast strength of 10 and to sum the combustion energy from each source in question. Further definition of this important issue, for instance the determination of a minimum distance between potential blast sources so that their individual blasts may be considered separately, is a factor in present research. 

If you have used brainstorming to identify some existing management systems, the resulting list may be lengthy. One way to consider these systems is to subject them to further definition, drawing distinctions such as the following ... 

The presence of first-order reflections from all types of pyramidal planes (Table II) eliminates from consideration all space-groups based on any but the simple orthorhombic lattice r0. Of these the following are further definitely eliminated ) by the occurrence of first-order reflections from the prism planes given in Table III ... 

A power series solution of equation (G.27) yields a recursion formula relating i+4, Ui+2, and ak, which is too complicated to be practical. Accordingly, we make the further definition... 

Further definition of each alternative, if necessary, with respect to the volumes or areas of contaminated media to be addressed, the technologies to be used, and any performance requirements associated with those technologies... 

Once ACLS providers arrive, further definitive therapy is given (Fig. 7-1). If the rhythm is not shockable, it is likely to be either asystole or PEA. 

For instance, a flat tire on an automobile is caused by two possible events. In one case the flat is due to driving over debris on the road, such as a nail. The other possible cause is tire failure. The flat tire is identified as the top event. The two contributing causes are either basic or intermediate events. The basic events are events that cannot be defined further, and intermediate events are events that can. For this example, driving over the road debris is a basic event because no further definition is possible. The tire failure is an intermediate event because it results from either a defective tire or a worn tire. 

A fault event that needs no further definition. 

For the understanding of the Act there are some further definitions to be noted ... 

General terms describing the composition of a system as defined in ref. [3] are used without further definition throughout the document. Implicit definitions are identified in boldface type throughout the document. 

An equivalent sphere is defined as the sphere with the same value of one of the above measures. The commonest referent is the volume-equivalent sphere, which many authors describe as the equivalent sphere without further definition. The particle shape factor is defined as the ratio of another measure from the above list to the corresponding value for the equivalent sphere. Of the many possible shape factors, those which have proved most useful are described below. All shape factors are open to the criticism that a range of bodies with different forms may have the same shape factor, but this is inevitable if regular or complex shapes are to be described by a single parameter. 

In this chapter we introduce some basic definitions for graphs, maps, and polyhedra. We present here the basic notions. Further definitions will be introduced later when needed. The reader can consult the following books for more detailed information [Gru67], [Cox73], [Mun71], [Cro97]. 

Haward3 considered a further definition, a fluctuation volume Vf=NA Fq, where Fq is the volume swept out by the center of gravity of the molecules as a result of thermal vibration, and NA the Avqgadro number. The last two definitions, as Haward pointed out, had not always been clearly recognized. 

Cyclopropanation reactions are one set in an array of C-C bond-forming transformations attributable to metal carbenes (Scheme 5.1) and are often mistakenly referred to by the nonspecific term carbenoid. Both cyclopropanation and cyclopropenation reactions, as well as the related aromatic cycloaddition process, occur by addition. Ylide formation is an association transformation, and insertion requires no further definition. All of these reactions occur with diazo compounds, preferably those with at least one attached carbonyl group. Several general reviews of diazo compounds and their reactions have been published recently and serve as valuable references to this rapidly expanding field [7-10]. The book by Doyle, McKervey, and Ye [7] provides an intensive and thorough overview of the field through 19% and part of 1997. 

The oil-soluble Shell-type AA may behave similarly, but with two long-chain hydrocarbon tails to maintain solubility in the oil phase. However, of the two categories of Shell-type AAs, the water-soluble type has had the widest use. With the above broad-brush, conceptual picture of AAs, it is clear that further definition should be done for refinement of the AA mechanism. 

Table 2.5 defines the 40 molecular descriptors and provides their values. Figure 2.1 provides further definition of the different types of molecular fragments used while Figure 2.2 provides further definition of the hydrogen bonding and biphenyl ring corrections. Simamora and Yalkowsky (1994) consider the values in parentheses in Table 2.5 insignificant, based on the statistical analysis used to derive the molecular descriptor values. 

The definitions for a tree and a spanning tree were given at the beginning of this section. Let us give some further definitions. 

Time-resolved CIDEP and optical emission studies provide further definitive characterization of the triplet and excited singlet states followed by their primary photochemical reactions producing transient radicals in individual mechanistic steps in the photolysis of a-guaiacoxylacetoveratrone. Both fluorescence and phosphorescence are observed and CIDEP measurements confirm the mainly n,n character of the lowest triplet state. The results indicate a photo triplet mechanism involving the formation of the ketyl radical prior to the P-ether cleavage to form phenacyl radicals and phenols. Indirect evidence of excited singlet photo decomposition mechanism is observed in the photolysis at 77 K. 

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