Vegetable oils soybean oil

Isotretinoin/ Ac cutane /Roche/ Antiachne HsC CH3 1 ]l COOH XHg 0.5-2 mg/ kg/day (1-4 capsules) Soft gelatin capsule 10,20,40 mg Beeswax BHA EDTA Hydrogenated soybean oil flakes Hydrogenated vegetable oils Soybean oil RT, Protect from light... 

The major market for plasticizers is dominated by ptimary plasticizers, phthalate esters, while 10—15% of plasticizers are derived from vegetable oils. The annual plasticizer market is "0.91 MMT (1 million t) and growing. Of the epoxidized vegetable oils, soybean oil is used in "75% of production. Epoxy linseed oil is used in vinyl liners of botde caps and medical mbing, where extraction of plasticizet must be avoided. Epoxy sunflower oil is more compatible with vinyl resin, while epoxy tall oils are used in some plastic products. 

Sodamade, A., Oyedepo, T. A., Bolaji, 0. S., (2013). Fatty Acids Composition of Three Different Vegetable Oils (Soybean Oil, Groundnut Oil and Coconut Oil) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chemistry and Materials Research 3, 26-29. 

Green coloration, present in many vegetable oils, poses a particular problem in oil extracted from immature or damaged soybeans. Chlorophyll is the compound responsible for this defect. StmcturaHy, chlorophyll is composed of a porphyrin ring system, in which magnesium is the central metal atom, and a phytol side chain which imparts a hydrophobic character to the stmcture. Conventional bleaching clays are not as effective for removal of chlorophylls as for red pigments, and specialized acid-activated adsorbents or carbon are required. 

BHA and BHT, which are both fat soluble, are effective ia protecting animal fat from oxidation, and are often added duting the rendering process. Propyl gallate is also effective, but it has limited fat solubiUty, and turns bluish black ia the presence of iron. It is typically used as a synergist ia combination with BHA or BHT. TBHQ is most effective against oxidation ia polyunsaturated vegetable oils (qv), and is often used ia soybean oil (19). 

The total commercial lecithin potential if all vegetable oils were degummed worldwide would be 552,000 t (Table 7). Although soybean, sunflower, and rape lecithins are available in the market, the principal commercial interest is only in soybean lecithin. The aimual worldwide production is 130,000 t (Table 8). 

Industrial, ie, nonfood, utilization of vegetable oils is much smaller than food usage. Soybean oil usage in the United States for industrial purposes was ca 2% of total production in 1993. Quantities are given in Table 13 (55). 

Polyunsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oils, particularly finolenic esters in soybean oil, are especially sensitive to oxidation. Even a slight degree of oxidation, commonly referred to as flavor reversion, results in undesirable flavors, eg, beany, grassy, painty, or fishy. Oxidation is controlled by the exclusion of metal contaminants, eg, iron and copper addition of metal inactivators such as citric acid minimum exposure to air, protection from light, and selective hydrogenation to decrease the finolenate content to ca 3% (74). Careful quality control is essential for the production of acceptable edible soybean oil products (75). 

Nonfood Uses. Vegetable oils are utilized in a variety of nonedible applications, but only a few percent of the U.S. soybean oil production is used for such products (see Table 13). Soybean oil is converted into alkyd resins (qv) for protective coatings, plasticizers, dimer acids, surfactants (qv), printing inks, SoyDiesel fuel (methyl esters used to replace petroleum-based diesel fuel) and other products (76). 

Vegetable oils, typically soybean, are important feedstocks for the commercial production of the RRR forms of vitamin E. 

Many similar hydrocarbon duids such as kerosene and other paraffinic and naphthenic mineral oils and vegetable oils such as linseed oil [8001-26-17, com oil, soybean oil [8001-22-7] peanut oil, tall oil [8000-26-4] and castor oil are used as defoamers. Liquid fatty alcohols, acids and esters from other sources and poly(alkylene oxide) derivatives of oils such as ethoxylated rosin oil [68140-17-0] are also used. Organic phosphates (6), such as tributyl phosphate, are valuable defoamers and have particular utiHty in latex paint appHcations. Another important class of hydrocarbon-based defoamer is the acetylenic glycols (7), such as 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol which are widely used in water-based coatings, agricultural chemicals, and other areas where excellent wetting is needed. 

Vegetable oil mills, except corn, cottonseed, and soybean... 

Biodiesel is diesel fuel produced from vegetable oils and other renewable resources. Many different types of oils can he used, including animal fats, used cooking oils, and soybean oil. Biodiesel is miscible with petroleum diesels and can he used in biodiesel-diesel blends. Most often blends are 20 percent biodiesel and 80 percent traditional diesel. Soy diesel can be used neat (100%), hut many other types of biodiesel are too viscous, especially in winter, and must be used in blends to remain fluid. The properties of the fuel will vaiy depending on the raw material used. Typical values for biodiesel are shown in Table 1. 

Flaky piecrusts used to contain lard, or at least butter. Solid fats are important in baking, as they separate sheets of dough into thin, independent flakes. Traditional solid fats are animal-derived saturated fats, such as lard and butter. Some vegetable fats, such as coconut and palm kernel oils, are solid, but they are more expensive than some liquid vegetable oils like corn oil, cottonseed oil, or soybean oil. These oils come from plants that are used for more than just the oil they provide. Using several different parts of the plant makes growing them more economical. 

It is the last two problems, particularly in urban areas, that are causing most public concern. Most recent research into biodiesel has focused on vegetable oils such as soybean, sunflower, palm and rapeseed. Although animal fats have been considered, their availability in the quantities required have precluded serious utilization. 

Biodiesel is a fuel derived from renewable natural resources such as soybean and rapeseed and consists of alkyl esters derived from transesterification of triglycerides with methanol. In spite of all the advantages of biodiesel, such as low emissiotts, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and lubricity, the major hurdle in penetration of biodiesel is its high cost because of the expensive food grade refined vegetable oil feedstock. 

In Europe, vegetable-oil-based fuels are mainly produced from rapeseed. In the USA, vegetable-oil-based fuels are mainly derived from soybeans. Another feedstock used in Europe and North America is sunflower seed. Most of the vegetable oil that is used as energy source for the generation of transportation fuel is converted to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), often called biodiesel . 

Alternatively, refined vegetable oil could be converted to a fuel similar to BTL by hydro-treating, e.g., in a refinery. Rapeseed cake, which is produced as a by-product, is assumed to replace animal fodder, i.e., from imported soybeans. Alternatively, the rapeseed cake can also be converted to biogas. 

The solubility of C60 and C70 in a series of vegetable oils, namely olive, sunflower, peanut, soybean, linseed and castor oil, has been determined quantitatively spectrophotometrically. Additionally, the solubility of C60 and C70 has been determined quantitatively in the methyl esters of brassica oilseed and only qualitatively in molten cow butter, molten stearic acid and molten behenamide. The experimental results show that the solubility of fullerenes appears to be dependent on the unsaturation level of the fatty acids composing the vegetable oils being lower in oils with higher unsaturation level. The solubility has been found dependent also on the polarizability parameter of the vegetable oils. 

Fullerenes were high purity grades (99 + %) from Southern Chemicals LLC. Vegetable oils were commercially available oils from olive, linseed, soybean, sunflower, peanut and castor. A methyl ester of brassica oilseed also was employed. 

Another pool of ra v materials that up to now has not been considered for the manufacture of biodiesel is highly unsaturated vegetable oils, such as those obtained from linseed or camelina, which give a yield of oil per hectare higher than soybean. 

Biodiesel is normally produced by starting from vegetable oils having an IV of <130, that is, having a low unsaturation index, such as rapeseed oil (IV = 110-115), sunflower oil (IV = 120-130) and soybean oil (IV = 125-135). 

Fig. 22 Respirometry of vegetable oil-based polyurethanes made from the following polyols triolein-met arrowhead), soy-HF (filled square), soy-met 180 (open diamond), soy-met 206 (open circle), and linseed met (open square). Also shown is ESO/BF3 polymer (open triangle) and soybean oil control (filled circle). Temperature was increased from 30°C to 55°C on day 71. Note that hydroxyl number of 180 has the functionality of 3.3 and that of hydroxyl 206 is 4.0. Met refers to polyol made from ESO and methanol HF refers to polyol from hydroformylation and reduced ESO. Reproduced from [152] by permission of Journal of Polymers and the Environment...

The high amoimt of lipids in morama beans is comparable to the content found in seeds used for production of commercial vegetable oils such as sunflower seed (22-36%) and rapeseed (22-49%) and closely approaches that of peanuts (45-55%) (Belitz et al., 2004 Salunkhe and Kadam, 1989). The amoimt of lipids is twice that of soybeans... 

Vegetable oil based fuels were used as diesel fuel in some Asian and African countries during World War II. Raw materials appropriate for use in producing oils suitable for combustion in a diesel engine include soybeans, cottonseed, rape seed, peanuts, safflower, canola, sunflower, and com. Processed cooling oil and beef tallow have also been used as raw material sources. 

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