Damaged soybeans

Green coloration, present in many vegetable oils, poses a particular problem in oil extracted from immature or damaged soybeans. Chlorophyll is the compound responsible for this defect. StmcturaHy, chlorophyll is composed of a porphyrin ring system, in which magnesium is the central metal atom, and a phytol side chain which imparts a hydrophobic character to the stmcture. Conventional bleaching clays are not as effective for removal of chlorophylls as for red pigments, and specialized acid-activated adsorbents or carbon are required. 

Wang, D., Ram, M. S. and Dowell, F. E. (2002) Classification of damaged soybean seeds using near-infrared spectroscopy. Trans. ASAE 45(6), 1943-8. 

Fernandez, S.R., Parsons, C.M. 1996. Bioavailability of digestible lysine in heat-damaged soybean meal for chick growth. Poultry Science 75 224-231. 

Sharp edges anywhere in the combine can damage soybean seed coats and affect quality. Worn auger edges, sharp edges on feederhouse chain slats, or chipped surfaces on chrome-plated rasp bars can damage soybeans. Chrome-alloy rasp bars don t chip like chrome-plated rasp bars and can be desirable after an initial break-in period. 

Jacobsen, B.J. K.S. Harlin P. Swanson R.J. Lambert J.B. Sinclair. Occurrence of fungi and mycotoxins associated with field mold damaged soybeans in the Midwest. Plant Disease 1995, 79, 86-89. 

Jensen, R.L. L.D. Newsom. Effect of stink bug-damaged soybean seed on germination, emergence and yield./. Econ. Entomol. 1972, 65, 261—264. 

Shatadal, P. J. Tan. Identifying damaged soybeans by color image analysis. Appl. Engin. Agric. 2003, 19, 65-69. 

Wang, D. F. Dowell M. Ram W. Schapaugh. Classification of fungal-damaged soybean seeds using near-infrared spectroscopy. Int.J. Food Properties 200, 7, 75—82. 

Inspection System (Fig. 6.1) (Friedrich, 2007). The percentage of damaged soybeans is determined after the foreign material is first removed. The term total damage refers to damaged soybeans from all sources, including heat damage. 

Heat-damaged soybeans are soybeans that are materially discolored due to heat or mold damage. Heat damage is a subset of total damage. 

Acoustical properties of soybeans can be used to help distinguish between healthy and diseased soybeans. Misra et al. (1990) measured acoustic properties of soybeans by transmitting sound waves through soybeans using acoustic transmission and by an impact force method. In the impact force method, a seed is dropped on an acoustic transducer creating an impulse wave. The acoustic transmission method was slow but was able to predict the mass of individual soybeans. The impact force method showed that diseased soybeans had a narrower bandwidth than healthy soybeans. Soybeans with wrinkled surfaces and diseased and damaged soybeans were detected from healthy soybeans based on wide variations at low frequencies. 

Several fluorescence techniques have been used to investigate oxidation products in animal tissues, in frozen fish muscle during storage, in freeze-dried meats, and in oxidatively damaged soybeans. Mixtures of tissues are extracted with chloroform-methanol (2 1, by volume), homogenized, mixed with water and centrifuged. The chloroform layer is analysed for fluorescence using... 

Damages soybeans, cotton, plums, citrus, vegetables in Syria, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Jordan... 

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