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Vaporization method

Miscellaneous Atomization Methods A few elements may be atomized by a chemical reaction that produces a volatile product. Elements such as As, Se, Sb, Bi, Ge, Sn, Te, and Pb form volatile hydrides when reacted with NaBH4 in acid. An inert gas carries the volatile hydrides to either a flame or to a heated quartz observation tube situated in the optical path. Mercury is determined by the cold-vapor method in which it is reduced to elemental mercury with SnCb- The volatile Hg is carried by an inert gas to an unheated observation tube situated in the instrument s optical path. [Pg.415]

The special case involving the removal of a low (2—3 mol %) mole fraction impurity at high (>99 mol%) recovery is called purification separation. Purification separation typically results in one product of very high purity. It may or may not be desirable to recover the impurity in the other product. The separation methods appHcable to purification separation include equiUbrium adsorption, molecular sieve adsorption, chemical absorption, and catalytic conversion. Physical absorption is not included in this Hst as this method typically caimot achieve extremely high purities. Table 8 presents a Hst of the gas—vapor separation methods with their corresponding characteristic properties. The considerations for gas—vapor methods are as follows (26—44). [Pg.458]

In the absence of an electric field, the dome-closed conformation must be the most stable tip structure, even when spot-welds are considered, since only the perfectly dome-closed tip has no dangling bonds (i.e., it is a true hemifullerene). At the 3000°C temperature of the arc, the rate of tip annealing should be so fast that it is sure to find its most stable structure (i.e., to close as a dome). Clear evidence of this facile closure is the fact that virtually all nanotubes found in the arc deposit are dome-closed. (Even stronger evidence is the observation of only dome-closed nanotubes made at 1200°C by the oven laser vaporization method.) Such considerations constituted the original motivation for the electric field hypothesis. [Pg.14]

Vaporization Methods. The above methods may be unacceptable on certain counts, and if complete removal of the liquid from the solid is required, vaporization methods are used. A nonvolatile solid can be removed from a volatile liquid by the application of heat, a vacuum, or both. [Pg.164]

Deamer, D., and Bangham, A. D. (1976). Large volume liposomes by an ether vaporization method, Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 443, 629-634. [Pg.319]

Wessmann, G. (1978). Comparison of large unilamellar vesicles prepared by a petroleum ether vaporization method with multila-mellar vesicles ESR, diffusion and entrapment analyses, Bio-chim. Biophys. Acta. 542, 137-153. [Pg.333]

VAPOR METHODS USED FOR SINGLE CRYSTAI. GROWTH... [Pg.292]

If the material whose single crystal we want is volatile or sublimable, then we may choose a vapor-method of crystal growth. These methods have been used for a variety of crystals including ZnS and CdS. In this method, a carrier- gas is most often used for material transport and for the sulfides, H2S is the gas of choice. The following shows a simple apparatus ... [Pg.292]

Vapor Methods Used for Single Crystal Growth 292... [Pg.459]

We shall focus here on the synthesis of the isocyanide-containing polymer. Several reactions of the polymer with the metal vapors of Cr, Fe and Ni using a matrix-scale modeling technique, as well as synthetic-scale metal vapor methods, are then presented in order to demonstrate the reactivity of the isocyanide groups on the polymer. Finally, preliminary studies of the reactivity of the polymer-based metal complexes are described. [Pg.239]

Bis(bipyridyl)nickel(0) has been prepared by metal-vapor methods and electrochemical data were obtained for it. In these low-valence states, a significant proportion of the electron density lies on the bipy ligand.2469 Also, the crystal and molecular structure of 4,6-dimethyl-2,2 -dipyr-idyldicarbonylnickel(O) (1021) has been determined. The coordination geometry about Ni is tetrahedral.2470... [Pg.501]

AgL(hfac)] (L = SMe2, SEt2, SPr2, SBu2, 1,4-oxathiane).811 The use of aerosol vaporization methods has allowed efficient CVD from complexes [Ag(hfac)(SR2)].819... [Pg.953]

Methyl pyruvate has been prepared from the silver salt of pyruvic acid and methyl iodide,3 and from the free acid by the alcohol-vapor method without a catalyst.4 Pyruvic esters have also been prepared by the dehydrogenation of lactic acid esters.5... [Pg.100]

The metal vapor method also has played an important role in the development of organometallic lanthanide chemistry (6-10). This high energy technique demonstrated that the lanthanide metals had a much greater range of organometallic chemistry than had been assumed previously. The metal vapor technique applied to lanthanides identified reasonable new research goals which could subsequently be pursued by solution techniques. Not only the metal vapor reactions. [Pg.282]

Despite the frequent use of arc-discharge and laser ablation techniques, both of these two methods suffer from some drawbacks. The first is that both methods involve evaporating the carbon source, which makes it difficult to scale up production to the industrial level using these approaches. Second, vaporization methods grow CNTs in highly tangled forms, mixed with unwanted forms of carbon and/or metal species. The CNTs thus produced are difficult to purify, manipulate, and assemble for building nanotube-device architectures in practical applications. [Pg.486]

The first ever reported molecule to undergo encapsulation was fullerene, which spontaneously and accidentally ended up in the tubes during post-processing of raw tubes prepared via the pulsed laser vaporization method. This could be considered a milestone in the self-assembling of a new class of nanomaterials [78]. [Pg.60]

Elemental composition Hg 86.22%, S 13.78%. The compound may be identified from its physical properties and also by x-ray methods. The compound may be heated in a current of air and SO2 formed may be analyzed by GC-FID or GC-FPD. Mercury(II) sulfide may be digested with aqua regia, diluted appropriately, and analyzed for mercury metal by AA using cold vapor method or by ICP-AES (see Mercury). [Pg.581]

Metal catalysts are necessary to synthesize SWNTs of carbon for both the arc discharge (8— 10) and laser vaporization methods (41). Typical catalysts for synthesizing SWNTs are listed in Table 10.2.1. The yield of SWNTs strongly depends not only... [Pg.577]

In industrial processes, Ti02 powder is mainly produced by sulfate or chloride (vapor) method. In the laboratory, titanium alkoxide is frequently used as the starting material. [Pg.206]

Chemical and physical vapor deposition technique has been widely applied for the preparation of such photocatalytic thin films. Since these vapor methods need an instrumental setup which enables control of temperature and pressure, their initial and running costs are generally high and the size of substrate is limited. Spray method, in which titanium alkoxide and water is sprayed on a substrate heated at a desired temperature, affords Ti02 thin films.69) However, like the sol-gel route, the physical properties and photocatalytic activity of Ti02 strongly depend on many factors such as temperature of substrate, flow rate of carrier gas, and partial pressure of starting material in the system. [Pg.212]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.34 ]




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Alternate method to estimate vapor pressure of pure components

Availability of Experimental Vapor Pressure Data and Estimation Methods

Baker-Strehlow method, vapor cloud

Baker-Strehlow method, vapor cloud explosions

Chemical vapor adsorption method

Chemical vapor condensation method

Chemical vapor deposition method

Chemical vapor deposition method porous membrane preparation

Chemical vapor deposition polymerization method

Clusters vaporization method

Coating methods chemical vapor deposition

Coating methods vapor-phase

Direct laser vaporization method

Effusion method, vapor pressures

Fabrication methods chemical vapor deposition

Fabrication methods chemical vapor infiltration

Gamma-Phi Method for Vapor-Liquid Phase Equilibrium

Hydrolysis vapor pressure method

Laser vaporization method

Liquid/vapor calculation method

Manometric methods, vapor pressure

Metal Oxide Chemical Vapor Deposition MOCVD) method

Molecular mass, determination vapor-pressure method

Multienergy method, vapor cloud

Multienergy method, vapor cloud explosions

Nanostructured Polymer Surfaces by Vapor Deposition Methods

Physical vapor deposition application methods

Physical vapor deposition methods

Possible plasma chemical vapor deposition method

Processing methods chemical vapor deposition

Processing methods electrochemical vapor deposition

Pulsed-laser vaporization method

Silicon oxide formation, chemical vapor deposition method

Single crystal vapor methods

Solid-liquid-vapor interactions method

UNIFAC method, vapor-liquid

UNIFAC method, vapor-liquid equilibrium

Vapor Generation Methods

Vapor Rate Method

Vapor condensation methods

Vapor density method

Vapor deposition method

Vapor diffusion method

Vapor growth method

Vapor method

Vapor method

Vapor phase method

Vapor pressure boiling point method

Vapor pressure calculation methods

Vapor pressure determination method

Vapor pressure isoteniscope method

Vapor pressure osmometry method

Vapor sampling methods

Vapor sorption method

Vapor synthesis methods

Vapor transport method

Vapor-Phase Transport Method

Vapor-based growth method

Vapor-liquid equilibrium method)

Vapor-liquid-solid growth method

Vapor-liquid-solid method

Vapor-solid growth method

Vapor-solid method

Water vapor transmission method

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