Fabrication methods chemical vapor infiltration

Similar to PANI, the carbon-related materials, activated carbon, carbon nanotube, and GO, were also doped with PPy to fabricate PPy/carbon-related material composites for wastewater treatment. PPy/impregnated porous carbon was prepared by vapor infiltration polymerization technique to obtain a mesoporous structure [72], The as-prepared composite exhibited an improved adsorption ability to remove heavy metal ions, such as Hg(II), Pb(II), and Ag(I) due to amino groups of PPy. PPy/carbon nanotube composites can be prepared by grafting from technique either chemically or electrochemically. The chemical fabricated PPy/carbon nanotube composite can effectively remove heavy metals, anions and chemical oxygen demand from paper mill waste [73]. The electrochemical synthesized PPy/carbon nanotube provided a simple and highly effective method for ClO removal via electrically switched ion exchange technique (Figure 11.15) [74]. 

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