Universal Fiber Systems

The commercial production of polyamide fibers began in the late 1930s in the United States and Europe. They are now produced worldwide. Nylon fiber producers in the United States in 2004 include Fiber Innovation Technology, Inc., Honeywell Nylon Inc., Invista Inc. (formerly DuPont Textiles Interiors), Nylstar, Inc., Palmetto Synthetics, Polyamide High Performance, Inc. (formerly Acordis), Solutia Inc., Unifi-Sans Technical Fibers, LLC, Universal Fiber Systems LLC, and Wellman, Inc. 

United Synthetics Universal Fiber Systems Warp Technologies Wellman Fibers... 

Researchers at Oregon State University have demonstrated the advantages of microchannel architecture in improving the hemodialysis process. Using microchannel architectare, they were able to show 70-80% reductions in the necessary transfer area relative to commercial hollow fiber systems for the clearance of creatinin (Fig. 7.23) and urea (Fig. 7.24) from a simulated blood stream [285]. The microchannel advantage, as has been seen in other applications, comes in the form of well-defined and narrow channels that facilitate rapid mass transfer into and out of the fluid media. This approach is expected to change the current paradigm in hemodialysis from clinical treatment to at-home use, and may allow for the creation of a wearable hemodialyzer [286]. 

T. Steele and L. Davis. UV stabilization in wood fiber systems. In Proceedings of Progress in Woodfibre-Plastic Composites, Candadian Natural Composites Council, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, May 23-24, 2002. 

The design philosophy in a universal transport system, as described in the following sections, will help the designer/user to plan and implement a backbone and horizontal network. This network will be apphcation independent and will avoid recabhng expenses. The communication network planner can be assured of maximum cable plant flexibihty as well as minimum installation and administration costs by following the UTS recommendations. Thus, whether installing a complete fiber optic infrastructure or a simple point-to-point link for a specific apphcation, the UTS end user receives a cabling system of maximum utility. 

The selection of the fiber count, or number of fibers used in the cable plant, is an extremely important decision that impacts both the current and future capabilities and cost of a communications network. The development and widespread use of fiber in all aspects of the network requires the designer to plan not only for the immediate needs but also for the evolution of future system requirements. Many of the isolated business or campus fiber finks installed today will be integrated into the universal communication networks of tomorrow. Because these fiber systems will provide service for a number of different applications later, the number of fibers designed into the network today must be carefully considered. 

The SFPT were conducted on universal test system (100 Q Standalone) to determine the inteifadal adhesion characteristics of treated betelnut fiber with the polyester matrix. Figure 2 shows the schematic drawing of the pullout test Further detail on the sample preparation and the test procedure were explained in the past publication done by the author (Nirmal and Yousif, 2009). The loading speed was 1 mm/min. It should be mentioned here that the tensile properties of single betelnut fiber were studied for dry and wet fibers. Under wet conditions, the fibers were soaked in tap water (hardness 120-130 mg/1) for 24 hr and then tested. 

Public information about infrastructures and control systems is available to potential hackers and intruders. The availability of this infrastructure and vulnerability data was demonstrated by a university graduate student, whose dissertation reportedly mapped every business and industrial sector in the American economy to the fiber-... 

In January 1992. E. Desurvire (Columbia University Center for Telecommunications Research) reported that optical fibers made from silica glass and traces of erbium can amplify light signals when they are energized by infrared radiation. Desurvire developed an efficient radiation source (referred (o as a laser diode chip) that, when integrated into a fiber optic communication system, can increase transmission capacity by a factor of 10(1. 

Jones, W.B. Jr. Introduction to Optical Fiber Communication Systems, Oxford University Press. Inc., New York, NY, 1995. 

To date, activated carbon is the most universal adsorbent for VOCs control. However, some disadvantages for the application of activated carbon include its flammability, difficulty in regenerating high-boiling point solvents and required humidity control. On the positive side, activated carbon fiber has uniform size and dimension, higher adsorption capacity, faster adsorption and desorption rates than activated carbon, and ease of handling [1,2]. These features obtain adsorptive system size reduction and added adsorbed vapor selectivity. In these respects, activated carbon fiber, as alternative to activated carbon inefficiencies, is an excellent micro-pore adsorbent. 

Cotton fibers are single cells composed primarily ( 96%) of the polymer cellulose. In our laboratory (5), cotton fibers were dissolved directly in the solvent DMAC-LiCl. This procedure solubilizes fiber cell wall components directly without prior extraction or derivatization, processes that could lead to degradation of high MW components. MW determinations have been carried out by a size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) system using commercial columns and instrumentation with DMAC-LiCl as the mobile phase. Incorporation of viscometry and refractive index (RI) detectors (6) allowed application of the universal calibration concept (7) to obtain MW distributions (MWDs) based on well-characterized narrow-distribution polystyrene standards (5). The universal calibration concept used by incorporation of dual detectors bypasses the need for cellulose standards. There are no cellulose standards available. Polystyrene standards for a wide range of MWs dissolved readily in DMAC-0.5% LiCl with no activation necessary. 

Ma, T. Fiber-Based Bioreactor Systems In Mammalian Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering Human Trophoblast Cells Dissertation The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, 1999. 

---