Interior textiles

Other Textile Interiors. There have also been a few recent studies on the thermal and optical properties of upholstery fabrics and wall coverings. The reflection and transmission properties of upholstery fabrics were determined by the use of a goniophotometer (93)- Mathematical equations have been developed to show how wall hangings can save energy by confining air between walls and their coverings (9]0 ... 

Research on optimizing thermal characteristics of drapes should include the use of the innovative technology acquired from a knowledge of the thermophysical properties of textiles the assessment of the relative importance of conductive, convective, and radiant properties of draperies in relation to their energy-conserving efficiency under summer and winter conditions the variation of the amount of convective air flow and determination of its influence on other thermophysical properties and the measurement of surface radiation of curtains and other textile interiors by remote sensing devices. 

The commercial production of polyamide fibers began in the late 1930s in the United States and Europe. They are now produced worldwide. Nylon fiber producers in the United States in 2004 include Fiber Innovation Technology, Inc., Honeywell Nylon Inc., Invista Inc. (formerly DuPont Textiles Interiors), Nylstar, Inc., Palmetto Synthetics, Polyamide High Performance, Inc. (formerly Acordis), Solutia Inc., Unifi-Sans Technical Fibers, LLC, Universal Fiber Systems LLC, and Wellman, Inc. 

In addition to fit-specific criteria, physiological aspects of moisture wicking have a substantial influence on the helmet s comfort. The materials used influence the climatic conditions inside a helmet. So it is important also to optimize the textile interiors of helmets with regard to clothing physiology and hygiene. 

Acrylates are primarily used to prepare emulsion and solution polymers. The emulsion polymerization process provides high yields of polymers in a form suitable for a variety of appHcations. Acrylate polymer emulsions were first used as coatings for leather in the eady 1930s and have found wide utiHty as coatings, finishes, and binders for leather, textiles, and paper. Acrylate emulsions are used in the preparation of both interior and exterior paints, door poHshes, and adhesives. Solution polymers of acrylates, frequentiy with minor concentrations of other monomers, are employed in the preparation of industrial coatings. Polymers of acryHc acid can be used as superabsorbents in disposable diapers, as well as in formulation of superior, reduced-phosphate-level detergents. 

As with textiles the principal reasons for the coloring paper are for aesthetic appearance and utihtarian purposes. Aesthetic appearance includes colored background for printed material, colored writing papers, colored household products to harmonize with interior decor, and many other diverse uses dictated by individual tastes. Utihtarian purposes include identification of multicopy forms, identification of manufacturer or marketer of specific materials or products, opaqueness or hiding power of packaged material, or to control consistency of paper manufactured from various colored raw materials. 

Abstract Emulsion homopolymers and copolymers (latexes) are widely used in architectural interior and exterior paints, adhesives, and textile industries. Colloidal stabihzators in the emulsion polymerization strongly affect not only the colloidal properties of latexes but also the fdm and mechanical properties, in general. Additionally, the properties of polymer/copolymer latexes depend on the copolymer composition, polymer morphology, initiator, polymerization medium and colloidal characteristics of copolymer particles. 

In Industry. For the study of irregularities in the dyeing and weaving of textile fibers, the interior of furnaces, the detection of carbon in lubricating oils, infrared spectroscopy of metals and alloys. 

Continuous coating is a well-established process in the non-woven industry. Non-woven textiles reach their final product quality tensile strength, resistance against humidity or surface structure only after the application of appropriate additives to the surface or interior of the textile. In principle, a number of methods are convenient, as shown in Figure 4.107 [167]. 

Several standard room/corner test protocols are now available and are specified in codes and regulations for qualifying interior finishes. For example, U.S. model building codes require that textile wall coverings for use in unsprinklered compartments meet specific performance requirements when tested according to NFPA 265. The principal requirement of these tests is that flash-over does not occur. The same codes also require that all other interior wall and ceiling finish materials comply with requirements based on NFPA 286, including a limit on the total smoke released. 

For textile materials used as interior wall-coverings in U.K. buildings including railway carriages, where the fabric could be in a vertical orientation attached to the wall panel, measurement of rate of flame spread under external heat flux is one of the requirements. For such applications, the test method (BS 476 Part 7) essentially requires a vertically oriented specimen exposed to gas-fired radiant panel with incident heat flux of 32.5kW/m2 for lOmin. In addition, a pilot flame is applied at the bottom corner of the specimen for 1 min 30 s and rate of flame spread is measured. The same principle is used in the French test for carpets, NF P 92-506. 

Standards for Testing of Interior Textiles, Frankfurt, Trevira (formerly Hoechst) GmbH, 1997. 

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