Tumor with liposomes

Shelly, K., D. A. Peakes, M. F. Hawthorne, P. G. Schmidt, T. A. Krisch, and W. F. Bauer. 1992. Model studies directed toward the boron neutron-capture therapy of cancer Boron delivery to murine tumors with liposomes. Pmc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89 9039-9043. 

Wolf, P. et al., Topical treatment with liposomes containing T4 endonuclease V protects human skin in vivo from ultraviolet-induced upregulation of interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, J. Invest. Dermatol. 114, 149-156, 2000. 

Sufficient stable loading of drug in order to reach disease site with liposomes loaded with drug at a level needed to achieve therapeutic efficacy Extravasation into diseased tissue (tumor or inflamed sites)... 

In earlier studies, the duplex drugs 5-FdU-NOAC and ara-C-NOAC were found to be strong inhibitors of the cell cycle, mainly arresting tumor cells in the early S-phase (33,46 8). However, with liposome formulations of the duplex drugs cell uptake, intracellular distribution, biodistribution, and metabolism were not yet investigated in details. Due to their similarity to NOAC, it can be assumed that they have comparable pharmacological... 

Maruyama, K., Ishida, 0., Takizawa, T., and Moribe, K. Possibility of active targeting to tumor tissues with liposomes. Adv. Drug Del. Rev. 40 89-102, 1999. 

Mewani, R.R., Tang, W., Rahman, A., Dritschilo, A., Ahmad, I., Kasid, U.N., and Gokhale, PC. (2004) Enhanced therapeutic effects of doxorubicin and paclitaxel in combination with liposome-entrapped ends-modified raf antisense oligonucleotide against human prostate, lung and breast tumor models. Int. J. Oncol. 24, 1181-1188. 

Small pegylated liposomes have been shown to extravasate into tumors with leaky vasculature, and the prolonged circulation half-life has a positive effect on the extravasation. Passive tumor targeting of liposomes was visualized in a study of radio-labeled PEG-liposomes in patients with locally advanced cancers, and whole body gamma camera imaging was used to monitor biodistribution and tumor localization. Of 17 patients treated with In-DTPA (Diethylenetri-aminepentaacetic acid) labeled PEG-liposomes, tumor... 

Marty, C. Odermatt, C.M. Schott, H. Neri, D. Ballmer-Hofer, K. Klemenz, R. Schwendener, R.A. Cytotoxic targeting of F9 teratocarcinoma tumors with anti-ED-B fibronectin scFv antibody modified liposomes. British Journal of Cancer 2002, 87, 106-112. 

Cytotoxic activity of these glycosides against tumor cells was significantly increased after the treatment of the cells with liposomes saturated with cholesterol [118]. The glycosides have a high affinity to liposomes containing sterols [117]. 

Targeting tumors with folate-modified liposomes represents a very popular approach, since folate receptor (FR) expression is frequently overexpressed in many tumor cells. After early studies demonstrated the possibility of delivery of macromolecules (112) and then liposomes (113) into living cells utilizing FR... 

Lukyanov AN, Elbayoumi TA, Chakilam AR, Torchilin VP (2004) Tumor-targeted liposomes Doxorubicin-loaded long-circulating liposomes modified with anti-cancer antibody. J Control Release 100 135-144... 

Weinstein JN, Magin RL, Cysyk RL, et al. Treatment of solidL1210 murine tumors with local hyperthermia and temperature sensitive liposomes containing methotrexate. Cancer Res 1980 40 1388-1395. 

Other recent applications Include effects against inflammation with liposomes injected in arthritic joints,H2 anti-tumor effects of encapsulated methotrexate against l5rmphosarcomas resistant to this drug,H3 anti-tumor effects of encapsulated alkylating agents and nucleotide analogs such... 

Current opinion concerning the mechanism of delivery of liposomal therapeutics to tumors is that, once in the tumor, standard liposomes are localized in the extra-cellular fluid that surrounds the tumor cell but do not enter it i 8 ii Therefore, for delivery of the therapeutic agent, the drug must first be released into the extra-cellular fluid, from where it must then diffuse into the cell. There is the evidence that doxorubicin is released efficiently from Doxil liposomes, to be taken up by the cell in ovarian cancer and Kaposi s sarcoma. Concentrations of doxorubicin achieved in cells have been estimated as up to 13 times higher from Stealth liposomes than with a simple doxorubicin injection in patients undergoing treatment of Kaposi s sarcoma. hi contrast, evidence from the use of cisplatin seems less definitive. In studies comparing Stealth liposomal cisplatin (SPl-077) with standard cisplatin in... 

A lower incidence of myelosuppression has been observed and reported during studies on Abraxane but other toxic effects (sensory neuropathy, mucositis) are similar to those seen with Taxol given at high doses. Abraxane has been reported to produce keratopathy, which is a toxic effect rarely seen with drugs. Thus, as with the liposomal formulations described earlier (Section VIII.A.), the administration of nanoparticle based formnlations can dramatically alter the pharmacokinetics, the distribution of the drug in both tissnes and tumors, and the toxicity profile. Also, similar to what has been found with liposomes, the mechanism(s) by which nanoparticles release their drug payload is not well nnderstood as yet. 

---