Transdermal medicated adhesive

The capacity of the skin to absorb lipid-soluble chemicals is both a blessing and a curse. Transdermal medicated adhesive patches, for example, take advantage of the capacity of the skin to absorb small lipophilic compounds in order to administer chemicals such as scopolamine, the anti-sea sickness drug, and nicotine. Unfortunately, urushiol, the active ingredient found in poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac, also takes advantage of the skin s capacity to absorb small, lipophilic chemicals, and is absorbed via the dermal pathway. 

This section focuses on adhesives that are used for the assembly of medical devices. In medical device assembly, the primary substrates are plastics, elastomers, and metals. The total medical adhesive market is much larger since it encompasses a broader definition of products. For example, medical adhesives can be used for bonding human tissue, transdermal drug delivery systems, dental restoration, and wound care in addition to medical device assembly. 

Silicone functionalized PIB is particularly suitable as a pressure sensitive adhesive composition in medical applications including transdermal drug delivery applications (83). 

Nitto Denko Corporation primarily manufactures industrial adhesive tapes for the electronics, automotive, health care, packaging and construction industries. The company produces industrial, electronic and functional products. Industrial products include double-coated adhesive tapes, masking tapes surface protective materials, sealing materials and label printing systems. Electronics products include LCD-related items general and advanced device resins printed circuit boards and semiconductor package adhesive sheets. Functional products include medical items such as transdermal therapeutic patches polymer separation membranes used for water purification and treatment and plastic engineering products such as information equipment and porous film materials used in cars, electronics, and home appliances. Nitto Denko America, Inc., an optoelectronics subsidiary, manufactures semiconductor... 

Musolf, M. C. 1987. Pressure-sensitive adhesives science and engineering. In Transdermal controlled systemic medications, edited by Y. C. Chien. New York Marcel Dekker, pp. 93-112. 

Medical. Medical tapes often have cloth or cloth-like backings for comfort and breathability. Numerous synthetic breathable, conformable nonwovens (eg, spunlaced polyester such as Sontara, a trademark of DuPont creped polypropylene) have been developed for such purposes. In some instances, film tapes are preferred to provide a barrier for wound coverage or to increase hydration to speed transdermal drug delivery. Electrically conductive adhesives are used for electrode applications. 

Transdermal drug-delivery systems offer several important adventages over more traditional approaches, in addition to the benefits of avoiding the hepatic first-pass effect. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are usually in the form of patches incorporating pressure sensitive adhesives. There are two basic designs for transdermal patches matrix or reservoir type. Matrix-type patches include monolithic adhesive and polymer matrices, whereas reservoir-type patches include liquid and solid-state reservoirs [71-73]. For various types of transdermal delivery systems, medical grade adhesive silicones are used as [73,74] ... 

In the late 1950s, polyacrylate-based PSAs were developed [283] and gained a dominant market share in the following decades. To a smaller extent polyfvinyi ethers) are used in medical devices. For specific applications like transdermal drug delivery systems, ostomy mounts, and electrically conductive adhesives a variety of specialty polymers such as silicones, polyurethanes, and various hydrogels are applied. 

Pressure-sensitive adhesive products are utilized in a broad variety of medical applications in very different fields First aid products for consumers, medical tapes, island dressings, surgical drapes, wound-closure strips in hospitals and physician s practices, as well as tapes and bandages for orthopedic and athletic use. Other uses include transdermal systems for therapeutic purposes, and ostomy moimts, attaching electrocardiogram devices, and protective foot products. 

Although medical devices are a multibillion dollar industry, the overall volume of adhesives used is quite low. For example, the worldwide market for cyanoacrylates in bonding catheters is only a few hundred kilos. The transdermal patch market is about 1.6 billion, but adhesives only account for 2 million of this figure. 

Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are materials used to bond other materials on their surfaces by the bonding processes of adhesion and cohesion. They have the abihty to adhere instantaneously (also known as tack), resist removal by peel, and hold their position when shear forces are applied. Pressure-sensitive adhesives have been utilized in a range of medical applications from simple pressure-sensitive tapes to implant adhesives. Silicone PSAs are commonly used in transdermal drug delivery systems drug-loaded adhesive... 

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