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Toxic chemicals schedule

The foundation of the CWC s inspection activities was based around the declaration by member states of their chemical weapons capabilities and activities. Nations with chemical warfare programmes were required to declare their production, storage and destruction facilities, which would then receive top monitoring priority. Nevertheless, the CWC did allow states to maintain research programmes to ensure the integrity of defensive equipment such as gas masks and gas detectors, but these activities were also to be closely monitored since they involved work with the chemical agents listed on Schedule l.9 Otherwise, all other warfare agents, mustard gas, Lewisite, soman, sarin, tabun, VX and the capability to produce them were to be eliminated under the watchful eyes of international inspectors (Table 8.1).10 The convention thus defined chemical weapons as any toxic chemical, or its precursors, intended for purposes other than those not prohibited under this convention for... [Pg.155]

For the purpose of implementing the CWC, toxic chemicals and precursors, which have been identified for the application of verification measures, are listed in Schedules contained in the Annex on Chemicals (for the Schedules, see Chapter 2). Schedule 1 includes chemicals developed, produced, stockpiled, or used as a chemical weapon as defined above, and chemicals structurally close to them. Schedule 2 lists three toxic chemicals not included in Schedule 1 and the degradation products and precursors of these toxic chemicals as well as of those of Schedule 1. Schedule 3 lists four toxic chemicals and precursors not listed in the other Schedules. The Schedules contain mainly organic chemicals with different chemical and physical properties, being neutral chemicals, acids, bases, volatiles, and nonvolatiles, where phosphorus, fluorine, sulfur, chlorine, nitrogen, and oxygen occur frequently. Riot control agents are not included in the Schedules. [Pg.2]

In the third part, methods for retrospective detection of exposure to toxic scheduled chemicals using mass spectrometric and immunochemical analysis methods are discussed. The described methods are applied to human origin samples. These methods are essential when in cases of use, or allegations of use, previous presence or absence of toxic chemicals need to be confirmed. Identification of CWC-related chemicals provides key supporting evidence of noncompliance with the CWC. [Pg.4]

Figure 8. Number of toxic chemicals of Schedule 1 used in proficiency tests 1 to 10... Figure 8. Number of toxic chemicals of Schedule 1 used in proficiency tests 1 to 10...
Figure 9. Number of toxic chemicals and precursors of Schedule 2 used in proficiency tests 1 to 10 Figure 9(a) Precursors of Schedule 2.B.04 used in proficiency tests 1 to 10... Figure 9. Number of toxic chemicals and precursors of Schedule 2 used in proficiency tests 1 to 10 Figure 9(a) Precursors of Schedule 2.B.04 used in proficiency tests 1 to 10...
The toxic chemicals and their precursors that are subject to analysis and identification are listed in Schedules 1-3 (see Chapter 2) contained in the... [Pg.156]

The Schedule 3 list contains only 17 discrete chemicals, of which four represent toxic chemicals. One of them is too simple (HCN) to produce an informative mass spectrum and some of the precursors (chlorinating chemicals) cannot be analyzed by GC/MS. Mass spectra are contained in the OPCW Analytical Database and in commercially available databases. The mass spectrum of trichloroni-tromethane (chloropicrin, CAS 76-06-2) is almost identical to that of trichloromethane (chloroform), apart from a peak at mlz 30. Not scanning this low... [Pg.264]

Chemical warfare agents (CWA) are classified into several categories, for example, nerve agents and vesicants. Tear gases are forbidden as a method of warfare but still allowed for riot control purposes. The CWC fists chemicals in three Schedules, which have been constructed on the basis of the toxicity of the chemicals, their industrial use, and historical usage as warfare agents. Schedule 1 consists of families of toxic chemicals, which have been developed, produced, stockpiled, or used as chemical weapons, for example, sarin and mustard gas. These chemicals have little industrial use. Schedule 3, on the other hand, consists of 17 single chemicals with... [Pg.354]

Another national implementation issue raised was that a number of States Parties have tended to focus exclusively on specific CWC obligations, and have not developed legislation relevant to the more general requirements of the CWC, such as those in Article I, which embodies the prohibition on chemical weapons. Important in this regard is implementation of the general-purpose definition of chemical weapons, which recognizes that, in addition to the chemicals listed in the CWC Schedules, other toxic chemicals could be used as chemical weapons, either as part... [Pg.51]

Indeed, a more pragmatic view has been taken by many States Parties as a consequence of the greater recognition of the potential terrorist threat from toxic chemicals not on the CWC Schedules. [Pg.69]

In particular, the requirement under Article I to destroy all chemical weapons would make such weapons less accessible to terrorist groups. The requirements of Article VII to criminalize the prohibitions of the CWC and enact effective penal legislation would reduce the possibility that a CWC State Party could inadvertently become a safe haven for those who use chemical weapons as a tool of terror, and would hence help reduce the threat posed by chemical terrorism. Likewise, the transfer (export control and monitoring) obligations under Article VI would serve to reduce the risk of diversion of toxic chemicals (either weaponized chemical weapons, precursors of military chemical agents, including those listed in the CWC Schedules, or other toxic chemicals) for terrorist uses. [Pg.72]

The broad restrictions of Article I with respect to toxic chemicals are elaborated in the Convention, particularly with respect to the chemicals listed on the attached Schedules and related facilities and the other chemical production facilities (OCPFs) described in Part IX of the Verification Annex to the CWC. The basic implementation obfigation in this regard is set out in Article VI, paragraph 2, of the Convention, which states that each State Party must... [Pg.105]

This provision enumerates two obligations (1) that each State Party must take the measures necessary to ensure that activities relating to toxic chemicals and their precursors are conducted only for purposes not prohibited under the CWC and (2) that, as part of fulfilling this obhgation and to verify that activities are in accordance with obhgations under th[e] Convention , Scheduled chemicals, related facilities and OCPFs shall be subject to verification. [Pg.106]

Turning to the implementation of these obligations at the national level, both Australia and France have in place schemes for regulating activities involving the toxic chemicals hsted on the CWC Schedules and related facilities, as well as for OCPFs. [Pg.106]

One way to resolve this issue would be for all CWC States Parties to include a catch-all provision in their legislation stating the purposes for which activities involving toxic chemicals are permitted and providing for situations in which chemicals are not listed on the Schedules and not covered by the controls on OCPFs. This type of a provision would contribute significantly to the CWC goal of covering aU toxic chemicals. [Pg.109]

The CWC furthermore requires States Parties to take measures to ensure that activities relating to toxic chemicals are conducted only for purposes not prohibited under the CWC. In part, this obhgation is met by the regulation of Scheduled chemicals and related facilities and of OCPFs. With regard to other toxic chemicals, however, a State Party may find that this provision requires it to enact provisions indicating the purposes for which activities involving toxic chemicals are permitted and/ or regulating toxic chemicals outside of those covered by the verification mechanisms of the CWC. [Pg.113]

Bans and restrictions on transfers by States Parties to States not Party of the toxic chemicals and precursors listed in Schedules 1, 2 and 3 of the CWC s Annex on Chemicals are also set out in Parts VI, Vn and Vin, respectively, of the Verification Annex. Such measures can provide incentives for States not Party to join the CWC sooner rather than later, particularly as certain chemicals listed in the Schedules have many important commercial applications that are relevant to development needs. Finally, other potentially positive aspects of OPCW membership, in addition to the disarmament and non-proliferation elements of the CWC re-... [Pg.151]

Despite ricin s extreme toxicity and utility as an agent of chemical/biological warfare, it is extremely difficult to limit the production of the toxin. Therefore, ricin is currently monitored as a Schedule 1 toxic chemical under the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development,... [Pg.340]

U.S. Department of Defense A = Army Toxicity Summary Chemical C = Chemical Weapons Convention Schedule 3.A Toxic Chemical... [Pg.189]

The First Review Conference considered the impact of developments in science and technology on the Convention s prohibitions. The definitions contained in Article II, in particular of the terms chemical weapons and chemical weapons production facility , were found to adequately cover these developments and to provide for the application of the Convention s prohibitions to any toxic chemical, except where such a chemical is intended for purposes not prohibited by the Convention, and as long as the types and quantities involved are consistent with such purposes. The First Review Conference noted, however, that science is rapidly advancing. New chemicals may have to be assessed in relation to their relevance to the Schedules of Chemicals of the Convention. The First Review Conference requested the Council to consider the developments in relation to additional chemicals that may be relevant to the Convention, and assess, inter alia, whether these compounds should be considered in the context of the Schedules of Chemicals. [Pg.640]

To this end, and in order to verify that activities are in accordance with obligations under this Convention, each State Party shall subject toxic chemicals and their precursors listed in Schedules 1,2 and 3 of the Annex on Chemicals, facilities related to such chemicals, and other facilities as specified in the Verification Annex, that are located on its territory or in any other place under its jurisdiction or control, to verification measures as provided in the Verification Annex. [Pg.643]

It is important to underline the fact that the obligation placed upon each State Party to adopt necessary measures applies to all toxic chemicals and their precursors. In addition, Article VI requires that verification measures as in the Verification Annex shall be applied to a particular subset of toxic chemicals and their precursors, namely those listed in the Schedules 1, 2 and 3 of the Annex on Chemicals to the CWC. [Pg.643]

The Scheduled Chemicals are primarily chemicals which have been used at some time or have been considered for use at some time as chemical weapons. Particular attention is given in the CWC to the verification of such chemicals. However, the designation of some chemicals in the Schedules is merely an aid to the verification of the Convention. It has to be underlined that the prohibitions in the Convention apply to all toxic chemicals as defined in Article II of the Convention and that each State Party is required to adopt the necessary measures to ensure that toxic chemicals and their precursors are only developed, produced, otherwise acquired, retained, transferred, or used... forpurposes not prohibited under this Convention. Consequently the prohibitions are all embracing and the national measures to ensure that toxic chemicals are only used for purposes not prohibited under the Convention are equally all embracing. Chemical weapons are truly totally prohibited. [Pg.643]

The Annex on Chemicals to the CWC sets out the guidelines for the different Schedules. Those for Schedule 1 are that the following criteria shall be taken into account in considering whether a toxic chemical or precursor shall be included ... [Pg.643]

Schedule 1 includes the following toxic chemicals - the chemical classes for nerve agents which include GB (sarin), GD (soman), G A (tabun) and VX, a number of sulfur mustards, three lewisites, three nitrogen mustards, saxitoxin, ricin and a number of precursors. [Pg.643]

Schedule 2 includes the following toxic chemicals - amiton, PFIB (perfluoroisobutene) and BZ (3-quinuclidinyl benzilate) and a number of precursors. [Pg.644]

CPC [general purpose criterion] in requiring that any toxic chemical can only be used for permitted purposes and that this stipulation does not apply only to the chemicals listed in the Schedules . It goes on to say that States Parties should review their activities to implement the general purpose criterion in the wake of the terrorist attacks on 11 September, 2001. [Pg.645]

The Annex on Chemicals to the CWC lists the toxic chemicals and their precursors that are considered a risk to the Convention. This Annex divides the substances into three Schedules or lists. Schedule 1 chemicals pose the highest risk to the Convention many have been developed, produced, stockpiled or used as chemical weapons in the past and they have few if any peaceful uses. Schedule 2 chemicals pose a significant risk to the Convention either because they can be used themselves as chemical weapons or as a consequence of their role as precursors to Schedule 1 or 2 chemicals. Schedule 2 chemicals are also not produced commercially on a large scale. Schedule 3 chemicals are produced in large quantities commercially but pose a risk to the Convention because of their role as precursors to either Schedule 1 or Schedule 2 chemicals. [Pg.26]

Given the above mentioned impact of past developments in chemical technology and industry on military CW production programmes, verifying the permitted uses of toxic chemicals and related facilities had to assume an important role in the overall verification system of the CWC. Activities not prohibited under the CWC are dealt with in Article VI of the Convention and in Parts VI to IX of the CWC s Verification Annex. While the first three of these parts are informed by the subdivision of toxic chemicals into Schedules 1 to 3, Part IX of the Verification Annex deals with other, unlisted, chemicals -so-called discrete organic chemicals or DOCs - and other chemical production facilities (OCPF), which might be easily adaptable to CW production. [Pg.29]

Within the confines of the CW prohibition regime, that is among states parties to the CWC, transfers of toxic chemicals have to be declared in relation to Schedule 1 chemicals only. According to Part VI such transfers are permissible only for research, medical, pharmaceutical or protective purposes. Individual transfers have to be notified to the OPCW Technical Secretariat 30 days before they are scheduled to take place by both sender and recipient. In addition, [e]ach State Party shall make a detailed annual declaration regarding transfers during the previous year. ... [Pg.30]


See other pages where Toxic chemicals schedule is mentioned: [Pg.29]    [Pg.29]    [Pg.51]    [Pg.2]    [Pg.155]    [Pg.263]    [Pg.30]    [Pg.83]    [Pg.105]    [Pg.113]    [Pg.486]    [Pg.640]    [Pg.643]    [Pg.643]    [Pg.7]    [Pg.11]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.28 ]




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