Chemical Weapons Convention Schedule

Toxins are any poisonous substances that can be produced by an animal, plant, or microbe. Because of their complexity, most toxins are difficult to synthesize in large quantities by traditional chemical means. However, they may be harvested from cultured sources or produced by genetically engineered microbes. Toxins are odorless, tasteless, and nonvolatile. Ricin (C16-A036) and saxitoxin (C16-A018) are the only toxins listed in the Chemical Weapons Convention (Schedule 1). 

Spectrometry of Chemical Weapons Convention Scheduled Compounds. 264... 

ELECTRON IMPACT MASS SPECTROMETRY OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION SCHEDULED COMPOUNDS... 

U.S. Department of Defense A = Army Toxicity Summary Chemical C = Chemical Weapons Convention Schedule 3.A Toxic Chemical... 

TABLE 7 CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION SCHEDULE OF CHEMICALS... 

Table 7 Chemical Weapons Conventions Schedule of Chemicals 284 Table 8 Chemical Weapons Foreign Technology Assessment Summary 285 Table 9 Nuclear Weapons Foreign Technology Assessment Summary 287 Table 10 Selected Regime Participants 288...

U-S. Chemical Weapons Convention Schedule 1 see http lluninv.cwc.%ovl (accessed October 28, 2009). 

Both ricin and saxitoxin are listed under the Chemical Weapons Convention Schedule 1 as chemical weapons, although both can be found in nature. (Saxitoxin can be manufactured synthetically in small quantities). 

Saxitoxins are the only cyanotoxins listed in the Chemical Weapons Convention Schedule 1, where it is referred to as Agent TZ. Saxitoxins are also listed in the... 

Highly toxic perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) poses a serious health hazard to the human respiratory tract. PFIB is a thermal decomposition of polytetrafluo-roethylene (PTFE), e.g., Teflon. PFIB is approximately lOx as toxic as phosgene. Inhalation of this gas can cause pulmonary edema, which can lead to death. PFIB is included in Schedule 2 of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), the aim of the inclusion of chemicals such as PFIB was to cover those chemicals, which would pose a high risk to the CWC. 

The majority of G-series agents are listed in Schedule 1 of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) as long as they are within the following limitations ... 

This class of agents is not covered by the Chemical Weapons Convention. Because of the toxicity of the agents and lack of commercial application, carbamate nerve agents would be prohibited based on the Guidelines for Schedules of Chemicals. 

The agents in this class are dihalo organoarsines. Other than lewisite (C04-A002), which is listed in Schedule 1, these materials are not covered by the Chemical Weapons Convention. Some of them have even seen limited commercial applications. 

The agents in this class are bicyclophosphates and bicyclothiophosphates. This class of agents is not specifically listed in the Chemical Weapons Convention nor is it covered by the language of the general definitions in the Schedules. Some of these chemicals have been used as fire retardants, oil lubricants, and for medicinal research. They also occur as breakdown products in some synthetic turbine engine lubricants and some rigid polyurethane foams. 

Saxitoxin is the only cyanobacterial toxin that is included in Schedule 1 of the Chemical Weapons Convention. However, other cyanotoxins would in fact be easier to obtain, due to the fact that they are produced by a wider range of species, and occur in many aquatic ecosystems. For this reason, in this chapter we will consider all the hep-atoxins and neurotoxins synthesized by cyanobacteria. 

Perfluoroisobutylene or perfluoroisobutene (PFIB) is the monomer used in synthesis of Teflon . It has possible use as chemical warfare agent, that is, it is a schedule 2A substance under the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). 

Black RM, Noort D. Methods for the retrospective detection of exposure to toxic scheduled chemicals. Part A analysis of free metabohtes. In Mesilaakso M, ed. Chemical Weapons Convention Chemicals Analysis Sample Collection, Preparation, and Analytical Methods. Chichester, West Sussex, England John Wiley Sons 2(K)5 4()3 431. 

The majority of substances listed on Schedule 1 of the Chemical Weapons Convention are considered to be percutaneous hazards (OPCW, 1993). In particular, sulphur mustard (HD) and VX are the most extensively studied agents of this genre and are representative of chemical warfare agents that exhibit mainly local or systemic percutaneous toxicity, respectively (Table 1). 

It is evident65 that the US military is still attempting to discover new forms of chemical incapaci-tant. Moreover, some might argue that the peaceful purpose exemption of Article II.(9)(d) of the Chemical Weapons Convention, which allows for Law enforcement including domestic riot control purposes , would allow quite new law enforcement chemicals with complex physiological effects on humans to be developed - particularly as no definition is offered for what chemicals are permitted for law enforcement other than that Schedule 1 chemicals may not be used. 

The problem of incapacitants, or incapacitating agents, is complex. The use of incapacitants in warfare is considered to be prohibited by the Chemical Weapons Convention even though only a single agent, BZ (3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate), and its immediate precursors are included as listed compounds (Schedule 2) in that Treaty. 

Chemical Weapon Convention (CWC) Schedules, In the CWC, the three categories into which toxic chemicals and their precursors are divided based on the threat the chemicals/precursors pose to the purpose and objectives of the treaty and the extent of their commercial use. 

In addition, the Chemical Weapons Convention (1993) mandates requirements for chemical demilitarization. Congress began that effort in earnest with the EY 1993 Defense Authorization Act (PL 102-484), directing the Army to identify the locations, types, and quantities of all non-stockpile chemical materiel, explain disposal methods, estimate costs, establish a schedule for their destruction, and discuss transportation alternatives. Nonstockpile CWM includes buried CWM, binary chemical weapons, recovered chemical weapons, former production facilities, and miscellaneous CWM. 

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