Riot control

The principal uses of CS ate ia riot control and training it has limited tactical use ia defensive military modes (17). 

An incapacitant is a chemical agent, which produces a temporary disabling condition that persists for hours to days after exposure to the agent has occurred (unlike that produced by riot control agents). Medical treatment while not essential may in some cases facilitate more rapid recovery. In the narrower sense the term has come to mean those agents that are ... 

The tear compounds (lachrymators) cause a flow of tears and irritation of the skin. Because tear compounds produce only transient casualties, they are widely used for training, riot control, and situations where long-term incapacitation is unacceptable. When used against poorly equipped guerrilla or revolutionary armies, these compounds have proved extremely effective. When released indoors, they can cause serious illness or death. 

The standard tear-producing agents currently in the US Army inventory for riot control are CS, CS1, CS2, CSX, and CR. The United States considers agent CN (popularly known as mace or tear gas) and its mixtures with various chemicals obsolete for military employment. This chapter includes these materials, however, for complete coverage of compounds with potential for use against US forces. This chapter also presents information regarding CN mixtures as an example of how agent properties can be tailored to the method of dissemination. 

Orthochlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) is the most commonly used irritant for riot control purposes. Chloracetophenone (CN) is also used in some countries for this purpose in spite of its higher toxicity. A newer agent is dibenzoxazepine (CR) with which there is little experience. Arsenical smokes (sternutators) have in the past been used on the battlefield. Apart from their lachrymatory action they also provoke other effects, e.g., bron-choconstriction and emesis, and are some times referred to as vomiting agents. 

CS was developed in the late 1950s as a riot control substance. It is a more potent irritant than chloroacetophenone, but is less incapacitating. In the late 1960s, stocks of CS replaced CN. Presently, the US Army uses CS for combat training and riot control purposes. 

Use Training and riot control limited tactical use in counter-... 

The effects of CN are long lasting and cumulative and may prolong the effects of CNS for weeks. Such a prolonged effect maybe undesirable for training and riot control. 

In 1974 the US Army approved the use of CR. CR has much greater irritating properties than CS and is about 5x more effective. In addition, CR is much less toxic than CS. CR is not used in its pure form (a yellow powder), but is dissolved in a solution of 80 parts of propylene glycol and 20 parts of water to form a 0.1% CR solution. It is used in solution as a riot control agent. 

Riot control/incapacitants, which cause extreme discomfort or mental confusion such as tear gas, chloroacetophenone (CN), or 3-quinuclidinylben-zilate (BZ). 

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for Riot Control Agent CR. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD ... 

The Conference did not result in a radical change of direction for the OPCW or substantive decisions on crucial, still outstanding issues (e g. so called non-lethal agents, riot control agents, law enforcement , nil declarations in respect of OCPFs and like. The problems of scientific and technological development were tackled only very generally. 

In the event of (a) the use of chemical weapons or riot control agents as a method of warfare, and/or (b) the threat of the use of chemical weapons, and/or (c) the threat of actions or activities prohibited for States Parties by Article I ... 

Crystal structure modification, in smart materials, 22 707 CS (riot control agent), 5 823-824 CS2, formation in the Claus furnace, 23 605. See also Carbon disulfide C-scan images, 17 424, 429 Cs isotopes, decay of, 21 303-304. 

Rinsing, for electroplating, 9 786-787 in ion exchange, 24 412 Rio Declaration, 24 162-163, 185, 188 selected principles from, 24 194-196 Riot control agents, 5 814, 823-824 Ripeners, in photographic crystal growth, 29 182... 

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