Existing Chemical Substances

It is important to recognize that not all of the substances listed on the TSCA Inventory are actually in commerce or used in large quantities. Under the Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) rule, the US EPA periodically collects information from industry on the manufacture and importation of chemicals. In 2012, companies reported that they manufactured or imported a total of 7,674 chemicals in amounts of 25,000 pounds or more at each of their sites during calendar year 2011, not including exempt substances. (In 2006, companies reported 6,200 chemicals [15].) Approximately 3,000 chemicals are manufactured or imported in quantities of 1,000,000 pounds per year [16,17]. 

The discussion of the regulation of existing substances that follows describes  

TSCA gives the US EPA the authority to collect and develop data on existing chemicals, and to regulate those chemicals that present an unreasonable 

Product Stewardship Life Cycle Analysis and the Environment 

In summary, approximately 2,200 substances are HPV chemicals. The US EPA has collected data on approximately 900 substances and assessed the data for approximately one-quarter of those substances. The agency plans to further assess and may regulate some of these chemicals as described below. 

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Substances listed on the European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (EINECS). 

European dynamic filter, 11 384 European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (EINECS), 26 901 European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) database, 12 512 European patent, 18 198 European Patent Classification (ECLA) scheme, 18 209, 230 European Patent Convention (EPC), 18 189, 191... 

Existing chemical substances do not have to be notified. These are defined as those listed on the European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (EINECS) (a. 1), a list of approximately 100,000 substances reported as being supplied in the EU during the reporting period of 1 January 1971 to 18 September 1981 (389, 394). Also the DSD does not apply to medicinal products, cosmetic products, wastes, foodstuffs, pesticides, biocides and radioactive substances. 

The EU Existing Chemicals Regulation (ECR) (390) applied to all EU manufacturers or importers of existing chemical substances listed in EINECS. Each manufacturer or importer had to report the administrative and technical information and the available data on hazardous properties for substances supplied at above 1000 tonnes per annum dining the period 23 March 1990 to 23 March 1994. Only administrative and technical information had to be reported for substances supplied at 10 to 1,000 tonnes per annum The information has been collated into a EU database, and anon-confidential version is available called the International Uniform Chemicals Information Database (a.4). 

Section 4 of TSCA authorizes EPA to require manufacturers or processors to test specified existing chemical substances when available data and experience are insufficient to evaluate their health and... 

The TSCA chemical substances inventory is a comprehensive list of the names of all existing chemical substances, and currently contains over 70,000 existing chemicals. Information in the inventory is updated every four years. A facility must submit a premanufacture notice (PMN) prior to manufacturing or importation for any chemical substances not on the list and not excluded by the TSCA. Examples of regulated chemicals include lubricants, paints, inks, fuels, plastics, and solvents. 

The inventory of substances on the EU market is just over 100,000 substances listed in the EINECS register (European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances ) and ELINCS register (Eiuopean List of Notified New Substances ). 

The U.S. Congress enacted the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (TSCA, Public Law [Pub. L.] 94 69) in 1976, to become effective 1 January 1977. The act authorizes US-EPA to secure information on all new and existing chemical substances and to control any of these substances that could cause an unreasonable risk to public health or the environment. Dmgs, cosmetics, foods, food additives, pesticides, and nuclear materials are exempt from TSCA (US-EPA 2006a). 

According to the Technical Guidance Document (TGD) for risk assessment of new and existing chemical substances (EC 2003), smdies conducted with human volunteers are strongly discouraged as they are problematic from an ethical point of view and results from such smdies should be used only in justified cases (e.g., tests which were conducted for the authorization of a medical product or when effects in already available human volunteer smdies with existing substances have been observed to be more severe than deduced from prior animal testing). However, the potential differences in sensitivity of human smdies and smdies in animals should be taken into account in the risk assessment, on a case-by-case basis. 

The OECD Guidehnes for the testing of chemicals are a collection of the most relevant internationally agreed testing methods used by government, industry, and independent laboratories to characterize potential hazards of new and existing chemical substances and chemical preparations/ mixtures. 

European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (ENMECS) This is a list of all chemicals either alone or as components in preparations supplied to a person in a Community Member State at any time between 1st January 1971 and 18th September 1981. 

JETOC (1997) Mutagenicity Test Data of Existing Chemical Substances, Tokyo, Japan Chemical Industry Ecology-Toxicology Information Center, pp. 188-190... 

Reactive dyes that caused respiratory or skin sensitization in workers on occupational exposure were compiled by ETAD [13], In the EU these dyes, which are all listed in the European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (EINECS), should be labeled accordingly (Table 8.1). 

Water contamination Water Environmental Research Foundation (WERF) approach and software Bacterial pathogens in drinking water New and existing chemical substances EU New and existing chemical substances USEPA Endocrine-disrupting chemicals European Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC) proposal Plant protection products EU Human pharmaceuticals EU... 

The TSCA became law on October 11,1976 and came into effect on January 1,1977, except Section 4 (f) which took effect 2 years later.29 A major objective of TSCA is to characterize and evaluate the risks posed by a chemical to humans and the environment before the chemical is introduced into commerce. The Act authorized the U.S. EPA to secure information on all new and existing chemical substances. The Act also gave the EPA the authority to control any of the substances that were... 

Monitoring scheme for persistent and highly bioaccumulative existing chemical substances... 

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