Chemical hazard control

The control of chemical hazards at SNL is documented in the Primary Hazard Screen and Hazard Analysis process for every project or facility. Work-specific technical work documents provide more detailed chemical hazard controls. Hazard control is based on the hierarchy of controls engineering controls first, administrative controls next, and personal protective controls last. ES H subject matter experts provide input on appropriate controls to chemical users and their management. 

The information presented here applies to all locations that use chemicals or chemical products. [NOTE Throughout this document, the term chemicals is used to indicate chemicals and/or chemical products as described in Section 3, below.] This chapter is intended only to address chemical hazard control requirements applicable to chemical user activities. It consolidates existing, core safety and health requirements that all sites must follow when engaged in chemical-related activities. 

Another issue to remember is that the general duties imposed on employees under occupational health and safety legislation apply to chemical hazard control. Employees, having received appropriate training and proper protective gear, protective procedures, and protective equipment or plant, must ... 

Open flame Personal behavior Standards of conduct Pipetting Smoking Other standards Chemical hazard control Chemical classification Carcinogens Caustics or corrosives Explosives Flammables Poisons Disposal Labeling Storage... 

Chemical hazard control measures that the employer will implement to reduce exposures that is, control measures such as engineering controls, protective equipment (administrative controls), and hygiene practices... 

S. Lipton and J. Lynch, Handbook of Health Hazard Control in the Chemical Process lndustry, ]okm. Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1994. 

The reaction between urea and Aiming sulfuric acid is rapid and exothermic. It may proceed with violent boiling unless the reaction temperature is controlled. The reactants are strongly acidic. Therefore, operators should wear suitable protective gear to guard against chemical hazard. Special stainless steel, mbber lining, fiber-reinforced plastics, and polyvinyl chloride and carbon equipment are used. 

Since data have been collated from a variety of sources, and tend to be presented in mixed units, and because rapid conversion of units is an advantage in many on-site situations, conversion tables are included in Chapter 18. Finally, since safety with chemicals cannot be addressed exhaustively in a handbook, selected sources of reliable current information on chemical hazards and their control are listed in Chapter 19. 

Cover the control of substances classified as very toxic, toxic, harmful, coiTosive, sensitizing or imtant under the Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 1994 (as amended) and to substances which have MELs or OESs. Also other substances that have chronic or delayed effects and biological agents. Special provisions are included for carcinogens. 

The SIMULAR, developed by Hazard Evaluation Laboratory Ltd., is a chemical reactor control and data acquisition system. It can also perform calorimetry measurements and be employed to investigate chemical reaction and unit operations such as mixing, blending, crystallization, and distillation. Ligure 12-24 shows a schematic detail of the SIMULAR, and Ligure 12-25 illustrates the SIMULAR reaction calorimeter with computer controlled solids addition. 

Unlike many chemical hazards, radiological hazards can be easy to detect with highly sensitive, direct reading instruments. Radiological control personnel conduct surveys and post warning signs. 

The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a detailed information bulletin prepared by the manufacturer or importer of a chemical tliat describes tlie physical and healtli hazards, routes of exposure, precautions for safe handling and use, emergency and first-aid procedures, and control measures. Infonnation on an MSDS aids in tlie selection of safe products and helps prepare employers and employees to respond effectively to daily exposure situations as well as to emergency situations. It is also a source of information for identifying chemical hazards. 

The two different, but related, considerations in waste disposal are hazard control and loss prevention in the treatment and disposal operations, and the control of environmental hazards. With gas and liquid streams the control of on-site hazards arising from the chemical properties and processing operations generally follows the principles summarized in earlier chapters. The measures necessary with solid wastes may, however, differ, particularly if they are heterogeneous in nature and disposed of on land. 

Radioactive chemicals, See also Chemicals Transportation control measures, See Precautions exposure limits, 393 hazards, 391 monitoring, 393 types, 391... 

NIOSH. 1994b. NIOSH Pocket guide to chemical hazards. Washington, DC U.S. Department of Heath and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. DHEW (NIOSH) Pub. No. 94-116. 

All measures to minimise the possibility of occurrence of reactive chemical hazards are therefore directed at controlling the extent and rate of release of energy in a reacting system. In an industrial context, such measures are central to modem chemical engineering practice. Some of the factors which contribute to the possibility of excessive energy release, and appropriate means for their control, are now outlined briefly, with references to examples in the text. 

HACCP is one of the minimum standards that is often required in a food processing enterprise to ensure that products do not contain harmful levels of biological, physical or chemical hazards such as pathogenic microorganisms or toxins. The overall idea of HACCP is to identify specific CCPs, which are those steps in the production process where the safety of the final product can be controlled most efficiently, and then define systematic procedures for monitoring and corrective action, to ensure that the risk is controlled at each... 

A 25,000-pound per year production rate is not a demarcation between large and small ventures. Such a point would be at a far higher scale of production. Instead, the proposed 25,000-pound exemption represents an economically-justified and virtually risk-free means of aiding innovation in the chemical industry, particularly when coupled with appropriate chronic hazard control language as for intermediates. 

The decade of the 1970 s has seen mushrooming growth in concern for environmental health and the broader issues of the natural environment. This attitude is reflected in much legislation. Following incidents involving chemical pollutants, and recognition of chemical hazards and potential impacts of toxic substances, the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) was added to prior law. Objectives of TSCA and its impacts on the chemical industry are addressed elsewhere within this symposium. The present paper addresses education to meet the mandates of TSCA. 

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