The Executive

The executive of the SCHC usually consisted of its president, vice-president, secretary and other posts, such as treasurer, recorder and librarian. In accordance with the prevailing scientific inclination of the society, they were mostly from the faculty of the Czech Technical University or Prague University or specialists from the sugar and fermentation industries. The latter were in a 

Until now the author of this chapter could not find the statutory text of the statutes and had to rely on secondary sources. In fact, even in 1878 the statutes were not officially approved by the Land Governor s office compare Zpravy spolkove (1879). 

Since 1840, when J. Redtenbacher came to Prague, most Czech chemists have belonged to the Liebig family tree . See e.g. Strbanova (1992) and Strbanova (2005). 

---

The computer subroutine for calculation of liquid-liquid equilibrium separations is described and listed in this Appendix. This is a source routine written in American National Standard FORTRAN (FORTRAN IV), ANSI X3.9-1978, and, as such, should be compatible with most computer systems with FORTRAN IV compilers. The approximate storage requirements for this subroutine are given in Appendix J the execution time is strongly dependent on the separation being calculated but can be estimated (CDC 6400) from the times given for the thermodynamic subroutines it calls (essentially all computation effort is in these thermodynamic subroutines). ... 

The program storage requirements will depend somewhat on the computer and FORTRAN compiler involved. The execution times can be corrected approximately to those for other computer systems by use of factors based upon bench-mark programs representative of floating point manipulations. For example, execution times on a CDC 6600 would be less by a factor of roughly 4 than those given in the tcible and on a CDC 7600 less by a factor of roughly 24. 

The next abstraction level of reaction retrieval is a so-called reaction substructure search in which both query structures arc considered as substructures. In the case of a reaction substructure search, no hydrogen atoms arc added internally during the execution of the search. Atoms which have their valencies not completely saturated are considered as open sites, where any hind ofelement could be bonded. 

The molecular structure input requires atom types to be assigned, which are not the same from one force field to the next. The input also includes a list of bonds in the molecule. There is not a module to automatically assign atom types. Most of the modules use a Cartesian coordinate molecular structure, except for a few that work with torsional space. The same keyword file is read by all the executables. A little bit of input is obtained by the program either interactively or from an ASCII file piped to standard input, which makes for a somewhat cryptic input file. This system of common input files and the user choosing which executables to run give TINKER the ability to run very sophisticated simulations while keeping the input required for simple calculations fairly minimal within the limitations mentioned here. 

The TINKER documentation provides a description of the input, but not a tutorial. Documentation is available as html. Acrobat, or postscript. A set of example input files is provided. The researcher can expect to invest some time in learning to use this system of programs. Most of the executables seem to be fairly robust and as tolerant as possible of variations in the input format. When... 

A thorough review of the health aspects of talc was presented ia an EDA-sponsored seminar ia Bethesda, Maryland, ia January 1994 (9). The executive summary states that the probabiUty of human risk is likely nonexistent under customary conditions of use. Used for decades ia a wide variety of cosmetic and other appHcations, talc has proven to be among the safest of all consumer products. 

The essential differences between sequential-modular and equation-oriented simulators are ia the stmcture of the computer programs (5) and ia the computer time that is required ia getting the solution to a problem. In sequential-modular simulators, at the top level, the executive program accepts iaput data, determines the dow-sheet topology, and derives and controls the calculation sequence for the unit operations ia the dow sheet. The executive then passes control to the unit operations level for the execution of each module. Here, specialized procedures for the unit operations Hbrary calculate mass and energy balances for a particular unit. FiaaHy, the executive and the unit operations level make frequent calls to the physical properties Hbrary level for the routine tasks, enthalpy calculations, and calculations of phase equiHbria and other stream properties. The bottom layer is usually transparent to the user, although it may take 60 to 80% of the calculation efforts. 

In the equation-oriented approach, the executive organizes the equations and controls a general-purpose equation solver. The equations for material and energy balances may be grouped separately from those for the calculation of physical properties or phase equiHbria, or as ia the design of some simulators, the distinction between these groups of equations may disappear completely. 

A high throughput of instructions was achieved by pipelining the processing of instructions. The execution of instructions was divided into 12 suboperations that used 10 different circuits. When flowing smoothly, a new instruction could be taken every two clock periods (or 64 nanoseconds) and therefore up to six instructions were simultaneously in different phases of execution, and could be said to be in parallel execution (1). 

Swalm started by considering a sum of money equivalent to twice the maximum expenditure that the executive could authorize in 1 year. This was used to obtain a further utility. In this way, a utihty curwe could be sketched. Swalm chose an arbitrary utility scale based on a range of—120 utiles to -t-120 utiles, (note It is as incorrect to compare utiles by ratio as it is to imply that an object at 30°C is twice as hot as an object at 15°C.)... 

Swalm found that most executives are conservative in their expenditure and that the patterns of utihty curves are very similar if plotted with an ordinate range of 1 unit. The unit, in this case, is the maximum authorized annual expenditure of the executive. Such curves may appear to differ quite widely when plotted in terms of absolute money values. The curves also show that executives tend to be more conservative when considering a loss than they do when considering a reduced gain. 

National Environmental Policy Act, 1969 The National Environmental Pohcy Act (NEPA) of 1969 was the first federal act that required coordination of federal projects and their impacts with the nation s resources. The act specified the creation of Council on Environmental Quahty in the Executive Office of the President. This body has the authority to force eveiy federal agency to submit to the council an environmental impact statement on eveiy activity or project which it may sponsor or over which it has jurisdic tion. 

One of the main functions of this control activity is to select a master recipe from the recipe management control activity, edit that recipe and transform it into a control recipe suitable for downloading to the equipment-related control activity, downloading the recipe (i.e., initiating the batch), and then to supervise the execution of the recipe. 

By the very nature of batch processing, it is inevitable that process equipment will have idle time between batches. The idle time also could occur if the controller is not being used at all times during the execution of the batch (e.g., a flow controller may only be used during the feed of one of the reactants). During the idle time, control considerations such as reset windup must be considered to prevent the control signal from going outside of the control limits. 

The feed-back design (Figure 6.3.3 on the next page) was a 2-level, 6-variables central composite plan that required 2 = 64 experiments for the full replica. A 1/4 replica consisting of 16 experiments was made with an additional centerpoint. This was repeated after every 3 to 4 experiments to check for the unchanged condition of the catalyst. The execution of the complete study required six weeks of around the clock work. In the next six weeks, mathematical analysis and model-building was done and some additional check experiments were made. 

In the mid 1960s, computers became available and this made many calculations possible, including the simultaneous integration of several coupled differential equations. With this, the execution of many design... 

DOE recommends the use of a systematic approach to training, in which the content of training is commensurate with the potential hazards, exposures, worker roles and responsibilities, and requirements of the project (see Eigure 8-1) [1]. The description of this systematic approach sounds like a great idea. However, in some cases the execution of the systematic approach is difficult to attain. In general, training classes aim content and level to reach at least 80 percent of attendees. 

A copy of the prequalification letter request The completed Contractor Prequalification Form The executed work agreement... 

A current insurance certificate with limits as specified in the executed... 

At the enterprise level, the executive management responds to the voice of ownership and is primarily concerned with profit, return on capital employed, market share, etc. At the business level, the managers are concerned with products and services and hence respond to the voice of the customer. At the operational level, the middle managers, supervisors, operators, etc. focus on processes that produce products and services and hence respond to the voice of the processes carried out within their own function. 

Policies provide freedom to individuals in the execution of their duties to make decisions within defined boundaries and avoid over-control by managers. If people are uncertain about where the limits of their job lie they cannot feel free to act. Without a clearly defined area of freedom there is no real freedom at all. 

Let us comment on the developed schematic Monte Carlo (MC) code. Of course there are many clever ways to improve the execution speed. There is the important concept of neighbor lists, of clever implementation of numerical instructions, and so on. In developing a computer simulation one usually plugs in these enhancing concepts bit by bit. 

Depending on your company s style, the executive summary may be the primary selling document, with the full proposal acting as backup or provided as an appendix. 

Scan information sources (dials, chart recorders, etc.). If the pattern of indicators is very familiar, the worker will probably immediately branch to the Execute Actions box (via the thin arrow) and make the usual response to this situation (e.g., pressing the alarm accept button if the indications suggest a nonsignificant event). 

If the pattern does not fit into an immediately identifiable pattern, the process worker may then consciously apply more explicit "if-then" rules to link the various symptoms with likely causes. Three alternative outcomes are possible from this process. If the diagnosis and the required actions are very closely linked (because this situation arises frequently) then a branch to the Execute Actions box will occur. If the required action is less obvious, then the branch to the Select/Formulate Actions box will be likely, where specific action rules of the form "if situation is X then do Y" will be applied. A third possibility is that the operating team are unable or imwilling to respond immediately to the situation because they are uncertain about its implications for safety and/or production. They will then move to the Implications of plant state box. 

---