FORTRAN compiler

The program storage requirements will depend somewhat on the computer and FORTRAN compiler involved. The execution times can be corrected approximately to those for other computer systems by use of factors based upon bench-mark programs representative of floating point manipulations. For example, execution times on a CDC 6600 would be less by a factor of roughly 4 than those given in the tcible and on a CDC 7600 less by a factor of roughly 24. 

All the programs have been written using FORTRAN 77. The programs have been tested using the MICROSOFT DEVELOPER STUDIO—FORTRAN POWER STATION. The programs call one or more IMS , MATH library routines which is available with above FORTRAN compiler. In general any FORTRAN compiler accompanied with the IMSL MATH library should be capable to run the enclosed programs without any difficulty. 

In the enclosed CD the computer programs used for the solution of selected problems presented throughout the book are provided as an aid to the user. Each example is provided in a different folder together with a typical input and output file. The. exe file is also provided in case one wishes to run the particular examples and has no access to a FORTRAN compiler. 

All programs are intended to be run as application on a PC using the Windows operating system (XP or later). The code was written in FORTRAN 90/95 and compiled with the INTEL Visual FORTRAN compiler integrated in the Microsoft Visual Studio Developer Environment. 

It is worth pointing out that the vectorised code is written in standard FORTRAN. The CRAY FORTRAN compiler simply recognises the vectorisable loops and translates these into hardware vector orders. An inspection of the machine code thus generated revealed that very little was to be gained by hand coding the kernels into Assembly language. 

The CRAY FORTRAN compiler, CFT, sometimes produces nearly optimal code (as for example in Gaussian integrals evaluation) sometimes an increase in speed by a factor of 3 is observed on proceeding to the assembler, CAL. Hiis factor of 3 is often present in rather simple applications such as matrix multiply. 

The well developed software which comes with the ASC is a very important and valuable feature. The Fortran compiler is of particular interest to the scientist who would rather spend his time doing science than optimizing code to achieve maximum utilization of the hardware. Machines which have very impressive hardware capabilities are often delivered with little software support. This philosophy fosters wasteful duplicate efforts when several installation sites are involved. 

Take the case of matrix multiplication, this would usually be implemented in FORTRAN as a direct translation of the expression in Table XI which is the usual "row by column and add" sequence of operations. The evaluation of a single Cjk does not satisfy the criteriof given above because although B k is a vector with unit address increment from component to component Aj, is not and its address increment is N. This of course is a function of the FORTRAN compiler and can be circumvented by storing A in an "unnatural" order (i.e. by rows, giving the transpose of A in the usual method of storage by columns) but this is not usually worthwhile because of the potential for confusion. 

All calculations presented in this paper have been performed in AT 386 compatible clonic PC machines. Lahey [59], Microway NDP [60] and Watcom [61] Fortran compilers, working in a MS DOS [62] operating system environment, have been extensively used. 

A listing of all the programs is presented in the book, and source codes for these programs are provided on a floppy diskette. A FORTRAN compiler is required to compile and run these source codes. A menu driven software program for calculating the pressure drop of incompressible single-phase fluids (PIPECAL) is provided in Chapter 3. 

ADAPT II There are several sample tests provided by D Argenio and Schumitzky (16). The Fortran compiler is a key software subsystem for both ADAPT II and NQNMEM. In this regard it is best to have a separate qualification for the installation of the compiler, followed by careful review of the expected output provided in Ref. 16. Qlder Fortran f77 compilers may show discrepancies that can only be resolved by implementing the most current versions of the f77 compiler. 

Because the applications of the technology are new, many issues must be resolved, such as The cost of distributing a knowledge base may require a license fee to the expert system shell developer. This is very different from FORTRAN programs which can be distributed as object code, with no fees to the FORTRAN compiler developer. 

Although Adapt II is free, in order to use the program, a Fortran compiler must be available to compile the Adapt II source code. All the supported compilers for the most recent version (Version 4), however, are commercial and must be bought for a fee. 

This indicates that a division by zero has occurred. Check the control stream for functions that include a division by a variable term and then examine that variable in the data set for any values set equal to zero. It has been reported that when everything else has failed, sometimes a new Fortran compiler can solve the problem. 

At this writing the plan is for implementation to be in C++, though some unresolved issues may change that. There are two prirrrary motivations (i) students no longer learn FORTRAN and lack motivation to do so (ii) the performance premium that once was provided by Fortran compilers has largely varrished. 

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