Swedish research

This work was supported by the Swedish research councils NUTEK and NFR. 

This work was supported by grants from The Swedish National Board for Laboratory Animals (97-46), The Swedish Foundation for Research without Animal Experiments, The Swedish Research Council (9478), The Wallenberg Foundation, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb and GlaxoSmithKline. 

This work was supported by the Carl Tryggers Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, the National Science Foundation of China (No. 20673060) and the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2003CB615801). 

PL and EL emissions from a very low band-gap copolymer 330 (Eg 1.27eV) was demonstrated by Swedish researchers [411]. The material has two absorption peaks at 400 and 780 nm and emits light in the NIR region. The PL spectrum of thin films has one peak at 1035 nm, which is blue-shifted by ca. 60 nm on annealing at 200°C for 10min. The ITO/PEDOT/330/Ca/Al diode was positively biased when the Al/Ca electrode was connected to lower potential and the EL emission became observable at 1.1 V (AEL = 970 nm). The d>KLfor a nonoptimized device was quite low (0.03-0.05%), nevertheless demonstration of EL from PLED in the NIR can be important for communication and sensor technologies (Chart 2.85). 

The Swedish Research Council (VR), the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education, the Carl Trygger Foundation, the Aulin-Erdtman foundation, Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse, and Ragnar och Astrid Signeuls for financial support. 

This project was supported by the Swedish Research Council. XD Zou is a Research Fellow of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences supported by a grant from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. 

The work on theory of relaxation in paramagnetic systems performed at Stockholm University has been supported by the Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Swedish Research Council and the Wenner-Gren Foundations. We wish to acknowledge the courtesy of the publishers who permitted reproductions of the figures published in their journals. 

N.P.D. is supported by a fellowship from the Swedish Research Council. M.G.M. is supported by grants from the Swedish Cancer Society, the... 

This work has partially been financed by the Swedish Research Council (VR). 

Hiis work was made possible through a scholarship from Wilhelm Becker AB and financial support from Perstorp Polyols AB, Sweden and by the Swedish Research Council for Engineering Sciences (Dnr 93-1075) which are gratefully acknowledged. We are also indebted to Dr. Christine Boeffel, Max-Planck Institute, Mainz, for doing the solid-state C-NMR measurements and to Ph.D. Erik Sbderlind, Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology fordiffusion-NMR measurements. 

Scientists at ASEA, a Swedish company, create diamonds by using extremely high pressure. A year later, Tracy Hall, a scientist at the American company General Electric, develops a reUable technique to make diamonds (and is often given the credit for generating the first artificial diamond, since the work of the Swedish researchers was not reported until much later). 

Swedish researcher Arne Olander observes a gold-cadmium alloy that can be bent while cool but returns to its original shape after heating—a shape-memory alloy. 

In April 2002, Swedish researchers shocked the food safety world when they presented preliminary findings of acrylamide in some Ified and baked foods, most notably potato chips and French fries, at levels of 30-2300 p,m/kg. Reports of the presence of acrylamide in a range of fried and oven-cooked foods have caused worldwide concern because this compound has been classified as probably carcinogenic in humans with significant toxicological effects, namely neurotoxic and mutagenic (Rosen and Hellenas, 2002 Tareke et al., 2002). French fries and potato crisps exhibit relatively high values of acrylamide 424 p-g/kg and 1739 p-g/kg, respectively. 

The major part of the experimental work described has been done since 1946 in the Physics Research Laboratory (Detoniklaboratoriet) of Nitro Nobel AB and from 1953 at the Swedish Detonic Research Foundation. Some of the work has been done since 1960 at the Swedish Research Institute of National Defense ... 

The committee also decided that there was sufficient evidence for an association between herbicides and Hodgkin s disease. This addition was almost inevitable in light of IOM s evaluation of the evidence about soft-tissue sarcoma and non-Hodgkin s leukemia, for which the committee had depended on the epidemiological studies done by a group of Swedish researchers. The same researchers had published similar results from their studies of Hodgkin s disease ... 

Anonymous. 1998. Swedish research spotlights brominated flame retardant risks. ENDS Rep 276 6. Anonymous. 2000. TV makers battle with bromine barons over fire safety. ENDS Rep 309 30-31. 

Can this be a fitting model Is this conceptual scheme acceptable in the cases of English or Swedish research subjects, who can access a universal system of healthcare and who voluntarily enter a research program In the situation of "therapeutic research," the proposal seems fair (the conclusion of this analysis will be different in the case of non-therapeutic research. In this second case, there seems to be more similarities to contractors). However, even in this case, consider the dependence of the illness or condition of the research subjects on the research product, that is, the number of therapeutic options on which to decide. If they have an ample supply of therapies, they are in a better position to choose than if they have no therapeutic alternative whatsoever. They may have the "best proven care" or they may try a new, possibly better, therapy. They can calculate risks and benefits and then decide. This might represent this position if we do not consider, amongst other variables, the severity of certain fatal illnesses and the stressful situation an ill person may be experiencing. 

We thank Mr Gunnar Wikman and Dr Peter Nilsson for help with the manuscript. We also thank the Swedish Research Council and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. We acknowledge Personal Chemistry (now Biotage AB) for provision of the Smith Synthesizer. 

This work was sponsored by the Swedish Research Council (VR) and the European Community Joule III program. Many of the calculations were made possible by grants for computer time at the Swedish National Supercomputer Center (NSC). SL and PP gratefully acknowledge a grant from the Goran Gustafsson Foundation. 

First Soren Jenson, a Swedish researcher at the University of Stockholm, identified PCBs as an environmental problem in 1966 he identified the presence of PCBs in human blood. 

The author thanks Drs G. A. Arteca and C. T. Reimann for many enlightening discussions, and Dr Jean Maruani for calling his attention to possible effects of sound on chemical (biological) processes. The Swedish Research Council (NFR) has given financial support to this work. 

I gratefully acknowledge financial support over the years from the Swedish Natural Science Research Council, the Swedish Research Council for Engineering Sciences, the Foundation for Strategic Research and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The author is indebted to Alejandro Engel-mann for making the picture, Figure 2.11, in relation to Ref. [78]. 

Acknowledgements The financial support from the Swedish Research Council (grant 621-2001-1621) is gratefully acknowledged. 

The first blank was filled in 1875. A French chemist discovered an element—gallium—that had all the properties Mendeleyev predicted for the space below aluminum. In 1879, a Swedish researcher discovered scandium, which looked and acted exactly how Mendeleyev said it would in its place below boron. In 1886, a German scientist discovered germanium, the element below silicon. Its chemical properties were almost exactly what Mendeleyev had predicted. 

Swedish researchers selected strains for egg production, using a diet mixed with home-grown cereals or diets with a low protein level (130g/ kg). The hens were a Rhode Island Red x White Leghorn, which resulted in the development of the SLU-1329 hen (Abrahamsson and Tauson, 1998 Table 6.1). This Swedish hen was tested in aviary and free-range conditions and compared with conventional hybrids (Lohmann LSL, Hisex white and Hisex brown) using a low-protein diet and housed in a floor system. The Swedish hen had the same or higher egg production in comparison with the hybrids, but had better overall feed conversion efficiency (Sorensen, 2001). 

Long-term research in Sweden (1973-1989) demonstrated that with no control, weed populations increased an average of 25% per year (Bellinder et al, 1994). Weed populations decreased an average of 10% per year with a standard herbicide treatment. The major conclusion expressed by Swedish researchers and accepted by Swedish policymakers is that skipping herbicide applications will lead to a gradual weed population increase, and that this will eventually require applications of greater quantities of herbicides to bring the populations back to acceptable levels. 

The studies performed in the authors laboratory were supported by the Swedish Research Council Medicine (3902), the National Institutes of Health (R01 GM 60548) and Karolinska Institutet. 

Acknowledgement. The financial assistance provided by The Swedish Research Council to one of the authors (I. K. Varma) is gratefully acknowledged. 

Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Swedish Research Council, to Knut and Alice Wallenberg s Foundation, Medivir AB, Mr Gunnar Wik-man and Biolipox AB. 

Acknowledgements I would like to thank my colleagues at Umei University, Dr. Tatiana L. Makarova and Dr. Thomas Wagberg, for providing Figs. 12 and 16, respectively, for this review. Our work on fullerenes under pressure was financially supported by the Swedish Research Council and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 

Acknowledgement This work was carried out as a part the Marie Curie Network Self-assembly under confinement, SOCON and travel support for Natalija Gorochovceva is acknowledged from the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences. PC and AD acknowledge financial support from the Swedish Research Council, VR. 

Financial support for this work from the Swedish agencies SIDA/SAREC and VR through the Asian-Swedish research links programme is acknowledged. The authors thank BRNS (DAE), India, for support of this research. AKK wants to thank the University Grants Commission, India, for a fellowship award and Motin for his help during sample preparation. 

We are very grateful for the generous financial support received from The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies (Ostersjostiftelsen), The Swedish Research Council Formas, and from Sodertom University. Without this support the present book would not have been possible. 

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