Long-term research

Industrial management commitment to long-term research and development appears to be more solid in Japan than in the United States. 

This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Agency, Washington, D.C. The author thanks Drs. V. R. Katta and G. T. Linteris for their assistance in refining the manuscript as well as for their long-term research partnership and contributions. 

A few year later (1980) R. H. Neilson and P. Wisian-Neilson started their long term research project on the preparation of alky, aryl, and alkyl/aryl phosphazene polymers and copolymers [55,56,315-334] prepared in the same way by thermal polymerization of a variety of phosphoranimine derivatives [55, 329, 335, 336] to the corresponding phosphazene macromolecules. The polymers obtained by long heating (several days) at high temperatures (160-220 °C) showed relatively low (about 50,000) molecular weight. 

Hrabik TR, Magnuson JJ, McLain AS. 1998. Predicting the effects of rainbow smelt on native fishes in small lakes evidence from long-term research on two lakes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 55 1364-1371. 

The effect of alum as adjuvant was also tested in the liposphere-vaccine formulation. In the presence of lipid A, enhanced immune response is obtained even in the absence of alum. This observation is very important because there is increasing concern about the toxic side effects of alum in the long term. Research has suggested a link between aluminum and diseases of the brain, including Alzheimer s disease. 

Acknowledgments This work has been supported by GE Corporate long term research funds. We thank Prof. Sanford Asher from the University of Pittsburgh for useful discussions. 

A third area of hydrogen from biomass is metabolic processing to split water via photosynthesis or to perform the shift reaction by photo biological organisms. This is an area of long-term research. 

Long-term research work conducted by a number of research organizations and data collected from a number of operating plants are summarized in this chapter. 

Freedom CAR is a long-term research program aimed at developing a fuel cell operating system for tomorrow s cars and trucks. It looks to fundamental research and development. Freedom CAR replaces and greatly improves upon the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicle program. 

The inherent complexity and chemical diversity of biomass predicts the recovery and purification of proteins from such a source will be an extremely challenging task. We have been studying this problem with a long-term research goal of identifying and establishing experimental conditions which may be applicable for protein purification from all biomass systems. 

Long-Term Research on Agricultural Systems California, USA 1993 O, L, C Stockless arable/ horticulture Denison ef al. (2004)... 

Alberto Bertucco (age 46), Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Padova, Italy Chairman of the Working Party High Pressure Technology of the European Federation of Chemical Engineers, with long-term research activity in the field of Supercritical Fluids Applications. 

In a long-term research project, Hossain and coworkers investigated the usefulness of the CpFe(CO)2+ fragment [35-38] in the cydopropanation reaction of alkenes by a carbene transfer utilizing diazo esters as the carbene source (Scheme 9.17). The cydopropanation products of styrene derivatives could be obtained in good yields of up to 80% and excellent cis selectivity by using an excess of the alkene, whereas the cydopropanation of aliphatic alkenes was less effective, yielding the desired cyclopropane derivative in up to 51% yield. 

No long-term research studies on the environmental fate of silver were identified. However, environmental monitoring being conducted in conjunction with remedial investigation/feasibility studies at NPL sites where silver has been found should add useful information regarding environmental concentrations, chemical species, fate, and transport of the compounds. 

No on-going studies or long-term research concerning occupational or general population exposures to silver were identified. 

Elsa Reichmanis We don t use formal innovation processes such as those described in the preceding presentations. We do continually examine our portfolio of activities and determine what relates to the business from the advanced development, applied research perspective and from the very long-term research perspective. We need to have a mix of both, and we have a broad continuum of activity. In reality the spectrum of fundamental research to productization requires different modes of working at different stages—there is an evolution from what could perhaps be more individual blue-sky research to a team-based, problem-solving approach. To be successful, we need flexibility. 

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