Mixed diet

Figure 8. A. Glycogen content in the vastus lateralis muscle after a mixed diet (a) and during 5 days of total starvation ( ) in one subject and eight days of carbohydrate-poor diet (o) followed by a carbohydrate-rich diet ( ) in a second subject. B. Muscle glycogen content before and after exercise. Before exercise the diet was mixed (a) and in the following days was either total starvation ( ) or carbohydrate-poor (o) and finally followed by 1-2 days of a carbohydrate-rich diet ( ). Note the slow rate of glycogen resynthesis when the diet is carbohydrate-poor compared to the rate when the diet is carbohydrate-rich. Redrawn from Hultman and Bergstrom (1967).

A normal mixed diet was given prior to the first ride, a CHO-poor diet prior to the second, and a CHO-rich diet before the third. The mixed, CHO-poor, and CHO-rich diets produced mean preexercise concentrations of 118,42, and 227 mmol/kg wet muscle, respectively. The corresponding exercise times were 126,59, and 189 min. An excellent correlation existed between preexercise glycogen content and cycling... 

Figure 10. The relationship between the initial glycogen content in vastus lateralis muscle and work time in six subjects who cycled to exhaustion at 75% VO2 max. Each subject cycled to exhaustion on three occasions. The first experiment was preceded by a mixed diet (a), the second by a carbohydrate-poor diet (o), and the third by a carbohydrate-rich diet ( ). The energy contents of the diets were identical. In all experiments depletion of the muscle glycogen store coincided with exhaustion and muscle fatigue. From Bergstrom et al. (1967) with permission from the publisher.

Study, ancient Maya diet shows a A N of 4.5%o (humans-herbivores). The 8 N values for mixed-diet humans in Schoeninger et al. (1983) seem always somewhat too positive for their supposed food European agriculturalists are about 8-10%o. Also, Bocherens et al. (1991) and Lubell et al. (1994) give similar values (aroimd +9%o) for medieval French and Neolithic humans from Portugal, respectively. The 8 N values (+9.3 and 11.6%o) of two human (Neanderthal) samples (Fizet et al. 1995) are very similar to those of associated carnivores but are only slightly higher than those of Neolithic humans. 

Many of the essential minerals (Table 45—2) are widely distributed in foods, and most people eating a normal mixed diet are fikely to receive adequate intakes. The... 

Homogeneity and concentration analysis of the test-article-diet admixture are performed by sampling at three or four regions within the freshly mixed diet (e.g., samples from the top, middle, and bottom of the mixing bowl or blender). 

The isopod I. baltica is adapted to use F. vesiculosus as food as shown by its capability to grow and reproduce when fed with this alga alone. I. baltica prefers F. vesiculosus as a structural host and feeds readily on it. However, F. vesiculosus is not the best single-host diet species growth of this herbivore on a sole F. vesiculosus diet was inferior to many other hosts and to a mixed diet (Jormalainen et al. 2001 Hemmi and Jormalainen 2004a). Phlorotannins from F. vesiculosus were harmful to the performance of this herbivore Increasing concentrations of phlorotannins in extracts from F. vesiculosus decreased both the total... 

Cholesterol is a major constituent of the cell membranes of animal cells (see p. 216). It would be possible for the body to provide its full daily cholesterol requirement (ca. 1 g) by synthesizing it itself However, with a mixed diet, only about half of the cholesterol is derived from endogenous biosynthesis, which takes place in the intestine and skin, and mainly in the liver (about 50%). The rest is taken up from food. Most of the cholesterol is incorporated into the lipid layer of plasma membranes, or converted into bile acids (see p. 314). A very small amount of cholesterol is used for biosynthesis of the steroid hormones (see p. 376). In addition, up to 1 g cholesterol per day is released into the bile and thus excreted. 

The most important nutritional use of sesame protein is as a methionine source for complementation of other protein consequently, the low lysine content is not an important consideration with proper complementation (69). Here we see a case where reduced bioavailability of an amTrib acid is documented but is of little practical importance in the mixed diet in which the protein will be only a part. 

Naturally occurring stable isotopes of C, N, and S have been used extensively for over a decade as direct tracers of element cycling in marine and terrestrial food webs (34-39). Carbon and sulfur isotopes fractionate very little between food and consumer thus their measurement indicates which primary producers or detrital pools are sources of C and S for consumers. For example, a study of plants and animals in Texas sand dunes showed that insect species had 813C values either like those of C3 plants or like those of C4 plants (-27 and -13%o, respectively). Rodent species had intermediate values near -20%o that indicated mixed diets of both C3 and C4 plants (40). The 13C measurements, used in simple linear mixing models, proved to be quick and reliable indicators of which plant sources provided the carbon assimilated by higher trophic levels. 

It has heen estimated that normal subjects ingesting a mixed diet containing 12-15 milligrams of iron retain 5-105 l0.0- 1.5 milligram), whereas iron-deficient patients retain t(l-2(l f 11.2-3 milligrams) iron. 

Study looking for good universal method for determination of eight analogs of cholesterol oxides in egg and milk powders. The results indicate difficulty in working with various food samples such as mixed diets. 

JH Lombard, DJ DeLange. The chemical determination of tryptophan in foods and mixed diets. Anal Biochem 10 260-265, 1965. 

A key aim of organic farming is environmental sustainability. Consequently organic producers wish to provide most or all of their required inputs, including feed. However, this is not possible on small farms, and even larger farms which may produce some of the feedstuffs required may not have the necessary mixing equipment to allow adequate diets to be prepared on-site. Farms with a land base sufficient for the growing of a variety of crops may be able to mix diets on-site or in a cooperative mill. 

Cereal grains and possibly protein sources need to be processed before being added into the mix. To achieve optimal poultry performance using mixed diets, it is necessary to process cereal grains through a hammer mill or... 

Shellfish Miscellaneous Infant food Milk and mixed diet RMs Milk and tea leaves RMs Milk powder and soy flour Mint, nettle and their infusions... 

Mixed diet Mixed diet Mixed diet Mixed diet... 

Mixed diet Mixed diet Mixed diet Mixed diet Mixed diet Mixed diet Mixed diet Mixed diet Mixed diet Mixed diet Mixed diet Mixed diet RMs Oyster and bovine liver RMs, mixed diet... 

Various food Various foods Various foods Various foods Various foods Various foods Various foods Various foods Various foods Various foods Various foods Various foods Various food and mixed diet Various RMs... 

There is still much ongoing debate on the validity of the different approaches to perform dietary analysis (single food analysis, duplicate diet analysis, total diet, and total mixed diet analysis) to provide an adequate answer to nutritional questions. The approach followed in this study has proven useful for the assessment of the actual dietary intake of trace metals that may be lost and/or added during the preparation of meals. The measurements done on cooked samples prepared according to the Italian local traditions provides an assessment of the actual concentrations of trace elements uptaken by the population through the diet. 

W. B. Clarke, R. S. Gibson, Lithium, boron and nitrogen in 1-day composites and a mixed-diet standard, J. Food Comp. Anal., 1 (1988), 209-220. 

In 1941, Kent and McCance (25) measured balance in three subjects eating mixed diets containing 1.72, 2.21, and 6.64 mg Mn/day. In the first 7-day period measured, mean respective balances of-0.05, +0.16, and -0.39 mg Mn were found. In two other subjects, substitution of white for brown flour decreased the manganese intake from 8.67 to 2.45 mg/day and the daily balance from 0.26 to 0.02 mg. 

McLeod and Robinson (29) published the first manganese balance study in adults in which atomic absorption spectrophotometry was the method of analysis. A positive balance of 0.32 mg/day was found for young women consuming a mixed diet containing 2.78 mg Mn. However, the diet consisted solely of meat and ice cream with tea and coffee, and in two subjects, orange juice. 

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