Surveillance rates

A new acoustic emission system (AEBIL Acoustic Emission Binary Localizer) meeting the requirements for continuous on-line structural surveillance of critical conponents of operating plants Is described in the paper. The system is specifically designed to identify and locate structurally significant, spatially concentrated, AE sources in the presence of a high rate of spatially diffuse AE events. The system performance and reliability has been extensively demonstrated in In-plant applications. 

Subcontractor/supplier performance will be evident from audit reports, surveillance visit reports, and receipt inspections carried out by you or the third party if one has been employed. You need to examine these documents for evidence that the subcontractor s quality system is controlling the quality of the products and services supplied. You can determine the effectiveness of these controls by periodic review of the subcontractor s performance what some firms call vendor rating . By collecting data on the performance of subcontractors/suppliers over a long period you can measure their effectiveness and rate them on a scale from excellent to poor. In such cases you should measure at least three characteristics quality, delivery, and service. Quality would be measured by the ratio of defective conforming products received delivery would be measured by the number of days early or late and service would be measured by the responsiveness to actions requested by you on scale of excellent to poor. The output of these reviews should be in the form of updates to the list of assessed subcontractors/suppliers. 

Appendix III of this report provides a detailed description of the reliability data used in event tree and fault tree quantification. Because of its extensive operating experience and the uniqueness of the BRP design, BRP plant-specific data was used whenever possible. Plant-specific data sources included plant maintenance orders, control room log books, surveillance tests, LERs, event reports, deviation reports, plant review committee meeting minutes, and USNRC correspondence. The plant-specific data used spanned the period from 1970 to 1979. Data before 1970 did not include maintenance orders or surveillance tests and therefore were excluded. The plant-specific data collected for BRP is presented in detail in Appendix XIII. Table III-4 summarizes 30 plant-specific component failure rates and Table 11-06 contains plant-specific maintenance unavailabilities for 20 components. These tables are a summary of the BRP component failure and maintenance outages. 

Neufeld, P. and Queenan, E. D., Frequency Dependence of Polarisation Resistance Measured with Square Wave Alternating Potential , Br. Corros. J., 5, 72-75, March (1970) Fontana, M. G., Corrosion Engineering, 3rd edn., McGraw-Hill, pp 194-8 (1986) Dawson, J. L., Callow, L. M., Hlady, K. and Richardson, J. A., Corrosion Rate Determination By Electrochemical Impedance Measurement , Conf. On-Line Surveillance and Monitoring of Process Plant, London, Society of Chemical Industry (1977)... 

Resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobials such as the penicillins and macrolides/azalides increased dramatically in the late 1980s through the middle to late 1990s. Table 68-2 provides resistance information collected nationally from 1999 to 2004 using the Tracking Resistance in the US Today (TRUST) surveillance database.26 In 2004, the average national rate of resistance to penicillin and macrolides was approximately 18% and 25%, respectively. Susceptibility results alone do not account for clinical success or failures when treating pneumonia. 

In a report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, pediatric nurses have reported a much higher frequency of complications from IM injections than that observed in the adult population. Twenty-three percent of pediatric nurses surveyed had observed complications (local pain, abscess, hematoma) versus a rate of 0.4% reported in adult patients [86]. Serious complications, such as paralysis from infiltration of the sciatic nerve, quadriceps myofibrosis, and accidental intra-arterial injection, are usually the... 

The degradation rate of paraquat in certain soils can be slow, and the compound can persist for years — reportedly in a form that is biologically unavailable. But data are missing or incomplete on flux rates of paraquat from soil into food webs and on interaction dynamics of paraquat with other herbicides frequently applied at the same time. It seems prudent at this time to keep under close surveillance the residues of paraquat in soils in situations where repeated applications have been made over long periods of time (Summers 1980). 

The informative SNPs could be tested prospectively through the surveillance network, and decreases in rate could be confirmed. If confirmed, the tests would be rapidly approved and implemented as part of the risk-reduction strategy for the marketed drug. 

Tarlo, S.M., Liss, G.M., and Yeung, K.S., Changes in rates and severity of compensation claims for asthma due to diisocyanates a possible effect of medical surveillance measures, Occup. Environ. Med., 59, 58, 2002. 

Wilton LV, Heeley El, Pickering RM, et al. Comparative study of mortahty rates and cardiac dysrhythmias in post-marketing surveillance studies of sertindole and two other atypical antipsychotic drugs, risperidone and olanzapine. J Psychophar-macol 2001 15 120-6. 

Although side effects of other stimulants respond to dose reduction or change in time of administration, PEM use can be associated with serious, irreversible liver damage. Postmarketing surveillance revealed abnormalities in liver function tests in 44 children receiving PEM acutely or chronically (Berkovitch et ah, 1995). Even more disturbing, 13 children on PEM experienced total liver failure—11 resulting in death or transplant within 4 weeks of failure. This exceeds the rate in the normal population by 4 to 17 times. Pemoline, therefore, is reserved for alternative treatment only if the patient fails to tolerate all three stimulants (MPH, DEX, and AMP) and subsequent trials of an-... 

Hayes (1938) Measurement of Grains (pp 28-29) Compression Test (29) Stability by Kl-Starch Paper Test, 134.5°C Heat Test, 120°C Heat Test, 65.5°C Surveillance Test and Observation Test (29-30) Ballistic Test (30-31) Heat of Explosion at Constant Pressure (51-2) Volume of Gas (52-3) Heat of Explosion at Constant Volume (54-5) Potential (55) Temperature of Explosion (55-7) Pressure of Explosion (57-61) Heat of Explosion of Propellants (62-4) Ignition of Propellants (68-70) Mode and Rate of Burning (70-71) Velocity Measurements by Le Boulange, Aberdeen, and Solenoid Chronographs (84-92) Pressure Measurements by Crusher and Piezoelectric Gages (92-6)... 

Surveillance programmes also exist in occupational settings. In this case, it may be possible to follow reproductive histories (including menstrual cycles) or semen evaluations to monitor reproductive effects of exposure. With adequate exposure information, these could yield very useful data for risk assessment. Reproductive histories are easier and less costly to collect than semen evaluations. Semen studies also may have limited response rates, thus reducing their representativeness. It is important to reassure workers that the data they provide for such programmes remain confidential and will not affect their employment status (Samuels, 1988 Lemasters, 1993 Lindbohm, 1999). 

This demonstration plant will normally operate at a first-effect boiling point of 250° F., a last-effect boiling point of 120° F., and a discharge sea water concentration factor of 4. The primary control of the process is accomplished by automatic control of steam flow rate, sea water flow rate, and last-effect vacuum. No control is needed for temperature or pressure in the individual effects and heat exchangers, since these achieve their own levels, influenced only by the proportioning of the equipment. The demonstration plant is rather heavily instrumented to permit close surveillance of operating conditions and carrying out of special tests. 

After reaching the lymph nodes, CD4+ cells are rapidly infected and replication of the virus continues. During the initial phase of infection, the virus is spread throughout the body via blood that contains many viral particles. The flu-like symptoms are first observed in about 70% of the patients 2-A weeks after HIV infection. At this stage, HIV titer is reduced due to the development of virus-specific CD8+ cells and due to humoral immune response, which generally causes a return to the normal numbers of CD4+ cells. As the HIV continues to replicate, a person may stay free of HIV-related symptoms for years. The high rate of mutation makes it impossible for the body to completely eliminate the HIV. Independent of mutation, certain subsets of HIV-recognizing killer T cells are not present or lack optimal function, and there is an inhibition of IFN secretion and cytotoxic T-cell activity due to impairment in the function of CD4+ cells. The HIV is also protected from immune surveillance when it hides within the chromosomes of the infected cells. 

The gynecological consequences of antiestrogens (tamoxifen and toremifene) have been evaluated in 167 postmenopausal breast cancer patients in a 3-year prospective study. There was a proliferative endometrium more often in the tamoxifen group than in the toremifene group, but this did not translate into an increase in the rate of endometrial cancer. The authors did not recommend routine surveillance of the endometrium. 

It has been estimated that the failure rate in detection of malformations in the Finnish surveillance system is of the order of 30% (6). The failure rate varies by the type of defect, and is probably related to the severity and clinical significance of the malformation. Particularly minor malformations are underreported, when analysing them it has to be considered to what extent register deficiencies might introduce any bias or otherwise hamper the study on occupational reproductive hazards. 

Fusidic acid and mupirocin has been proven to be equal in clinical efficacy 85-87 The risk of allergic contact dermatitis to fusidic acid in patients with AD can be considered very low. In an analysis of multicenter surveillance data in Germany, fusidic acid did not cause any case of sensitization in the subgroup of atopies.29 Topical neomycin, however, is rarely indicated not only because of inefficacy and high resistance rates, but also because of frequent development of allergic contact dermatitis.88,89... 

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