Neomycin topical

Topical antibiotics exert a direct local effect on specific microorganisms and may be bactericidal or bacteriostatic. Bacitracin (Baciguent) inhibits the cell wall synthesis. Bacitracin, gentamicin (G-myticin), erythromycin (Emgel), and neomycin are examples of topical antibiotics. These drugp are used to prevent superficial infections in minor cuts, wounds, skin abrasions, and minor burns. Erythromycin is also indicated for treatment of acne vulgaris. 

Neomycin is poorly absorbed fiom the alimentary tract when given orally, and is usually used in the form of lotions and ointments for topical application against skin and eye infections. Fraittycetin consists of neomycin B with a small amount of neomycin C, and is usually employed locally. 

Systemic therapy with a variety of (3-lactams, macro-lides and lincosamides (clindamycin) has been the cornerstone of skin infection therapy for many years [17]. However, topical antibiotics can play an important role in both treatment and prevention of many primary cutaneous bacterial infections commonly seen in the dermatological practice [18], Indeed, while systemic antimicrobials are needed in the complicated infections of skin and skin structure, the milder forms can be successfully treated with topical therapy alone [18], The topical agents used most often in the treatment of superficial cutaneous bacterial infections are tetracyclines, mupirocin, bacitracin, polymyxin B, and neomycin. 

Shaw 0 has described the topical use of such a compound, neomycin hexakispentachlorophenate, in the treatment of dental root infection and periodontic cavities. 

Strongly basic antibiotics may be precipitated by formation of the coloured reineckate salt which may then be determined spectrophotometri-cally 65. Bickfordl66 dissolved the precipitated neomycin reineckate in acetone and has successfully used this procedure to assay neomycin extracted from topical formulations. Roushdi et al 73 preferred to oxidise the precipitate with potassium permanganate and then colorimetrically estimate the chromate produced with diphenylcarbazide. 

Docusate sodium is a preparation used for softening ear wax before removal. Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid, whereas gentamicin, neomycin and clioquinol are antibacterial agents. Otitis externa may be managed by the use of antibacterial preparations used alone or in combination with topical corticosteroids. 

Neomycin is commonly used in combination with other drugs. Pa-renterally, neomycin is quite nephrotoxic. It is most often used topically in animals with infectious diseases of the eye and external ear or contaminated wounds. Neomycin is also available alone or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of enteric infections and for the intra-mammary treatment of mastitis in cows. 

Bacitracin Polymyxin B, Topical (Polysporin) Bacitracin, Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Topical (Neosporin Ointment) Bacitracin, Neomycin, Pol5rm5 xm B, Hydrocortisone, Topical (Cortisporin)... 

Bacitracin, Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Lidocaine, Topical (Clomycin)... 

Mupirocin (Bactroban) Naftifme (Naftin) Neomycin Sulfate, Topical (Myciguent) Nystatin (Mycostatin) Oxiconazole (Oxistat) Penciclovir (Denavir) Permethrin (Nix, Elimite) Pimecrolimus (Elidel)... 

Uses Prevent skin Infxn Action Topical aminoglycoside Dose Apply to skin and rub in Caution [C, /-] Contra Component aU gy Disp Cream SE Itching, rash, redness EMS See Neomycin Sulfate OD Unlikely... 

In combination with neomycin, polymyxin B can be used as a bladder irrigant to reduce the risk of catheter-associated infections, although this use remains controversial. It also can be used as topical therapy in external otitis caused by P. aeruginosa. 

The patient using topical neomycin should clean the affected area gently before applying the drug and should notify the physician if itching or redness occurs... 

OTC Topical with bacitracin (Bacimyxin, Polysporin) with bacitracin, neomycin (Neosporin, Triple Antibiotic) with bacitracin, neomycin, lidocaine (Lanabiotic, Spectrocin) with gramicidin (Polysporin) with gramicidin, lidocaine (Lidosporin, Polysporin Burn Formula) with gramicidin, neomycin (Neosporin)... 

Bacitracin is highly nephrotoxic when administered systemically and is only used topically (Chapter 62). Bacitracin is poorly absorbed. Topical application results in local antibacterial activity without systemic toxicity. Bacitracin, 500 units/g in an ointment base (often combined with polymyxin or neomycin), is indicated for the suppression of mixed bacterial flora in surface lesions of the skin, in wounds, or on mucous membranes. Solutions of bacitracin containing 100-200 units/mL in saline can be used for irrigation of joints, wounds, or the pleural cavity. 

Neomycin and kanamycin are now limited to topical and oral use. Neomycin is too toxic for parenteral use. With the advent of more potent and less toxic aminoglycosides, parenteral administration of kanamycin has also been largely abandoned. Paromomycin has recently been shown to be effective against visceral leishmaniasis when given parenterally (see Chapter 52), and this serious infection may represent an important new use for this drug. 

Neomycin Oral or topical, poor bioavailability used before bowel surgery to decrease aerobic flora also used to treat hepatic encephalopathy... 

Gramicidin is available only for topical use, in combination with other antibiotics such as neomycin, polymyxin, bacitracin, and nystatin. Systemic toxicity limits this drug to topical use. The incidence of sensitization following topical application is exceedingly low in therapeutic concentrations. 

Neomycin is available in numerous topical formulations, both alone and in combination with polymyxin, bacitracin, and other antibiotics. It is also available as a sterile powder for topical use. Gentamicin is available as an ointment or cream. 

Topical application of neomycin rarely results in detectable serum concentrations. However, in the case of gentamicin,... 

Neomycin is particularly ototoxic and nephrotoxic when given parenterally. As with gentamicin and kanamycin, the nephrotoxicity may be reversible but the ototoxicity is usually irreversible and deafness may occur following oral administration, instillation into cavities, or topical use. It may block neuromuscular action and respiratory depression has been reported. Local treatments may cause hypersensitivity, rashes, pruritus, and anaphylaxis. Neomycin is not geno-toxic. 

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