Static testing

No observed adverse effect at this concentration in H2O 72 h static test (33) unless otherwise noted. 

Disinfection tests can be classified according to the test organism, ie, whether the test employs certain species of bacteria, fungi, or vimses classified as to whether it is a static test or a cidal test, as in a bactericidal vs bacteriostatic test or sporicidal vs sporistatic test or classified as to whether it is a microbial reduction test or an end-point test where all the organisms in the test are apparently killed. Procedures may be distinguished by in vitro or in vivo testing. Another way to consider tests is whether they are screening tests, practical type laboratory tests, or field tests. 

Gray and Follansbee [44] quasi-statically tested OFE copper samples that had been shock loaded to 10 GPa and pulse durations of 0.1 fis, 1 /rs, and 2 fus. The quasi-static stress-strain curves are shown in Fig. 7.10 with the response of annealed starting copper included for comparison. The yield strength of shock-loaded copper is observed to increase with pulse duration, as the work-hardening rate is seen to systematically decrease. 

Dynamic moduli moduli in static tests are about two-thirds of these. 

Acids Molybdenum exhibits good resistance to hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, phosphoric and sulphuric acids (see Figs. 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4). In static tests in these acids at Ohio State University it was found that the corrosion rate for relatively long test periods (670 h) was about ten times that experienced in 47 h tests. 

Mercury In static tests niobium shows good resistance to mercury at temperatures up to 600°... 

Thorium-magnesium In static tests the thorium-magnesium eutectic had no appreciable effect on niobium at 850°C . 

Test methods available are the free-running test (galvanic cell), galvano-static test (constant current) and potentiostatic test (constant potential). These are always run in conjunction with visual examinations with particular emphasis on dissolution pattern. 

In general, it is fair to state that one of the major difficulties in interpreting, and consequently in establishing definitive tests of, corrosion phenomena in fused metal or salt environments is the large influence of very small, and therefore not easily controlled, variations in solubility, impurity concentration, temperature gradient, etc. . For example, the solubility of iron in liquid mercury is of the order of 5 x 10 at 649°C, and static tests show iron and steel to be practically unaltered by exposure to mercury. Nevertheless, in mercury boiler service, severe operating difficulties were encountered owing to the mass transfer of iron from the hot to the cold portions of the unit. Another minute variation was found substantially to alleviate the problem the presence of 10 ppm of titanium in the mercury reduced the rate of attack to an inappreciable value at 650°C as little as 1 ppm of titanium was similarly effective at 454°C . 

Static Tests Ideally, a static test would consist of immersing a test sample in the liquid medium held in an inert container under isothermal conditions. 

Static test results may be evaluated by measurement of change of mass or section thickness, but metallographic and X-ray examination to determine the nature and extent of attack are of greater value because difficulty can be encountered in removing adherent layers of solidified corrodent from the surface of the specimen on completion of the exposure, particularly where irregular attack has occurred. Changes in the corrodent, ascertained by chemical analysis, are often of considerable value also. In view of the low solubility of many construction materials in liquid metals and salts, changes in mass or section thickness should be evaluated cautiously. A limited volume of liquid metal could become saturated early in the test and the reaction would thus be stifled when only a small corrosion loss... 

Static and dynamic property The uses of these foams or porous solids are used in a variety of applications such as energy absorbers in addition to buoyant products. Properties of these materials such as a compressive constitutive law or equation of state is needed in the calculation of the dynamic response of the material to suddenly applied loads. Static testing to provide such data is appealing because of its simplicity, however, the importance of rate effects cannot be determined by this one method alone. Therefore, additional but numerically limited elevated strain-rate tests must be run for this purpose. 

Results of uniaxial strain static and gas gun compression tests on syntactic foam have been conducted. The foam was buoyant and composed of hollow glass microspheres (average diameter 100 microns) embedded in an epoxy plastic. Static testing consists of compressing a 0.25 cm x 2.5 cm dia. wafer between carefully aligned 2.5 cm dia. steel pistons. Lateral expansion of the wafer is... 

Dynamic shear moduli are conveniently determined with automated equipment, for instance, with the torsion pendulum. However, moduli derived from dynamic tests are often higher than the results from static tests for lack of relaxation. Examples are shown in Table 3.3. Young s moduli of the polymers A, B, C, D, derived from tensile tests (frequency 0.01 Hz) are compared with shear moduli S determined with the torsion pendulum (frequency > 1 Hz). For rubberlike materials is 3S/E = 1, according to Eq. 

The mass of the network strands is, therefore, more appropriately deduced from static tests than from dynamic tests. 

Both static and dynamic tests are employed to evaluate the adhesion strength of cord-mbber composites. The major static tests used in tire industry are H-adhesion, 90/180° peel test, tire cord adhesion test (TCAT) and co-axial shear pull-out test (CSPT). Although these methods are... 

In freshwater studies, mosquito fish, catfish, and freshwater eels were exposed to endosulfan in static tests. Maximum tissue concentrations in mosquito fish (933 pg/kg a-isomer) were found in fish exposed to 16 pg technical-grade endosulfan/L for 24 hours. The maximum tissue concentrations in fish exposed to 2 pg technical-grade endosulfan/L for 7 days was 143 pg a-isomer/kg. Mean endosulfan residues in... 

The present study investigates the adsorption and trapping of polymer molecules in flow experiments through unconsolidated oil field sands. Static tests on both oil sand and Ottawa sand indicates that mineralogy plays a major role in the observed behavior. Effect of a surfactant slug on polymer-rock interaction is also reported. Corroborative studies have also been conducted to study the anomalous pressure behavior and high tertiary oil recovery in surfactant dilute-polymer systems(ll,12). 

Static(batch) and dynamic(flow) tests were carried out on toluene - extracted and peroxide - treated Wilmington oil field unconsolidated sands with dilute solutions of polyacrylamide (Dow Pusher-500) polymer in 1 wt% NaCl at 50° C and 1.5 ft./day, simulating reservoir temperature and flow rates. In the static tests, Ottawa sand, with particle size distributions similar to the Wilmington sand, were also used for comparison purposes. 

Static Tests. Static batch tests were carried out in amber colored pyrex bottles cleaned with doubly distilled and deionized water and dried in the oven. Six different samples were prepared for these tests. The significance of each... 

The amount of polymer retained in the static tests was calculated by a simple material balance. The results of the calculation are shown in Table IV. This table also shows the polymer loss in dynamic tests. 

The retention was much higher in the static tests compared to the flow tests. This is partly due to the inaccessibility of the smaller pores by the polymer... 

Figure 8. Effect of rehydration pH on concentration loss in static tests...

Figure 9. Static test - Concentration loss (coarse sand)...

High adsorption loss observed in the present work in both dynamic and static tests indicates a possibility of multilayer adsorption. However, the long times required to achieve adsorption equilibrium may indicate interlayer adsorption in the clay minerals. 

Far from a wellbore, the velocity of reservoir fluids is about one linear foot per day. Near a wellbore, the velocity can increase one-hundred fold. A static or quasi-static test such as the sessile drop (contact angle) test may not represent the dynamic behavior of the fluids in the field. The dynamic Wilhelmy device gives results which are comparable in interface velocity to the field displacement rate. The interface in the Wilhelmy test described here moved at a steady rate of 0.127 mm/sec or 36 ft/day. The wetting cycle for a hybrid-wetting crude oil system was not affected by moving at a rate less than 1 ft/day. 

A static test for determining the adhesion of tyre cord in rubber. The test piece is in the form of a loop shaped like the letter U. 

---