Static batch tests

For this study flow (dynamic) and static (batch) tests were carried out on Wilmington oil field unconsolidated sands at reservoir temperatures and flow rates with polyacrylamide (Dow Pusher-500) polymers. Effluent concentration, viscosity, and pH were monitored as a function of time. Extensive characterization studies for the sand were also carried out. 

Static Tests. Static batch tests were carried out in amber colored pyrex bottles cleaned with doubly distilled and deionized water and dried in the oven. Six different samples were prepared for these tests. The significance of each... 

Static(batch) and dynamic(flow) tests were carried out on toluene - extracted and peroxide - treated Wilmington oil field unconsolidated sands with dilute solutions of polyacrylamide (Dow Pusher-500) polymer in 1 wt% NaCl at 50° C and 1.5 ft./day, simulating reservoir temperature and flow rates. In the static tests, Ottawa sand, with particle size distributions similar to the Wilmington sand, were also used for comparison purposes. 

Fortunately, the effects of most mobile-phase characteristics such as the nature and concentration of organic solvent or ionic additives the temperature, the pH, or the bioactivity and the relative retentiveness of a particular polypeptide or protein can be ascertained very readily from very small-scale batch test tube pilot experiments. Similarly, the influence of some sorbent variables, such as the effect of ligand composition, particle sizes, or pore diameter distribution can be ascertained from small-scale batch experiments. However, it is clear that the isothermal binding behavior of many polypeptides or proteins in static batch systems can vary significantly from what is observed in dynamic systems as usually practiced in a packed or expanded bed in column chromatographic systems. This behavior is not only related to issues of different accessibility of the polypeptides or proteins to the stationary phase surface area and hence different loading capacities, but also involves the complex relationships between diffusion kinetics and adsorption kinetics in the overall mass transport phenomenon. Thus, the more subtle effects associated with the influence of feedstock loading concentration on the... 

Laboratory testing of small samples of the product can be very useful in determining the required size of a conveyor dryer. The continuous, conveyor dryer process can be simulated in the laboratory by a small, static batch tray dryer. The temperature and airflow direction can be changed with time to simulate the progression of the product from one zone to the other in the continuous conveyor dryer. The turnovers (transfer of the product from one conveyor to the other), however, are difficult to simulate in the static tray dryer. For this reason, some products are test run in a continuous laboratory conveyor dryer. This requires significantly more product than for the tray dryer testing, however the simulation is closer to the real-life production situation. 

To make cut pile carpets, two strands of BCF yarns are twisted together and heat-set with steam using a Superba heat setting machine at 135-145 °C or at 175-195 °C when heat-set with super-heated steam in a Suessen. An experimental design experiment [94] showed the higher the heat set temperature, then the lower is the bulk of the final carpet, but there is an increase in the tip definition and walk performance. The tufted carpets are then dyed with disperse dyes at atmospheric boil [95] in a continuous or a batch process. PTT carpets showed excellent resiliency in walk test experiments, equivalent to a nylon and much better than both PET and polypropylene, had lower static charge of <3.5 kV, and were resistant to coffee, mustard, betadine, red acid dyes and other stains [96],... 

Recently, Hays et al. [26] reported on of several cases where particle clustering was inferred in flnidized bed systems. In the first case, they attempted to reproduce why highly variable entrainment rates were observed in a commercial-scale fluidized bed even though steady-state was presumed. Tests were conducted in a 6 inch (15-cm) diameter fluidized column with a static bed height of 52 inches (132 cm) of the same Geldart Gronp A powder (dp5o of 55-60 microns) used in the commercial process. The test unit was operated in batch mode at a superficial gas velocity of 0.66 ft/sec (0.2 m/sec). 

Container-closure integrity of (product name) USP was performed on the stability batches produced in support of this submission per standard test method no. (specify number), Container/Closure Integrity Testing with Analysis via UV Spectrophotometry, included as (provide reference attachment number). The testing of the (product name) USP vials was performed under static conditions. Vials were immersed in a dye bath. The product in the vials was then tested for the presence of dye. The container/closure integrity testing yielded acceptable results. The final report for the container/ closure integrity test for (product name) is included in (provide reference attachment number). 

Toxicity test in which test solutions are renewed (replaced) periodically (e.g., at specific intervals) during the test period. Synonymous terms are batch replacement, renewed static, renewal, intermittent renewal, static replacement, and semistatic (Environment Canada, 1999). Volume 1(7,10). 

Batch bench-scale settling tests The most common procedure requires a relatively small amount of sample tested in a controlled environment using laboratory equipment under static conditions. 

Adsorption of surfactant on reservoir rock can be determined by static tests (batch equilibrium tests on crushed core grains) and dynamic tests (core flood) in the laboratory. The units of surfactant adsorption in the laboratory can be mass of surfactant adsorbed per unit mass of rock (mg/g rock), mass per unit pore volume (mg/mL PV), moles per unit surface area (peq/m ), and moles per unit mass of rock (peq/g rock). The units used in field applications could be volume of surfactant adsorbed per unit pore volume (mL/mL PV) or mass per unit pore volume (mg/mL PV). Some unit conversions follow ... 

It is impossible to generalize the effect of steam drying on product quality. Table 20.2 gives a summary of tests carried out at McGill University on batch drying of hand-sheets in a static apparatus in which the samples were dried under an impingement flow of superheated steam. Note that the effects are all positive relative to air drying or, at most, comparable. In Finland, similar tests on paper dried on a dynamic pilot-scale apparatus have yielded comparable results. 

FIGURE 9. Results of constant stress ( static fatigue or stress rupture") testing for Nicalon/BSAS composite (a) Batch A and (b) Batch B tested at 1100°C in air. The solid lines represent the predictions based on the results... 

Carpets. The process of making PTT BCF carpets has been described in detail (57). The extruded yarn is drawn between sets of heated godets to a draw ratio 2.8-3.5 (58,59). It is then textured with hot air at 160-220°C and at a pressure of 0.6-1.0 MPa (87-145 psi) (60). Heat-setting with steam is at 135-145°C or at 175-195°C (61) when heat-set with the less effective heat conducting superheated steam. Tufted carpets are dyed with disperse dyes at atmospheric boil (62) in a continuous or a batch process. PTT carpets show excellent resiliency equivalent to a nylon in walk tests, have lower static charge of <3.5 kV, and are resistant to coffee, mustard, betadine, red acid dyes, and other stains (63). 

Vastly different methods are available for cultivation of biofilms. Basically, these can be described as either batch-mode or continuous mode methods. In batch studies, growth substrata in the form of coupons or glass slides are placed in e.g. Petri-dishes or other holders filled with medium. Under the action of undefined shear forces, investigations in so-called beaker reactors are conducted. A further test system which operates in batch mode and continues to become prominent is the miniaturized test system comprising microtitre plates, in which 96 wells enable the simulation of various experimental conditions simultaneously under static conditions (Geneveaux et al., 1996 O Toole et al., 1999). In general, biocide tests in batch systems are simpler to run, have shorter durations, and are very simple to carry out. Therefore, they are well-suited for initial comparisons or screenings of different biocides, or different concentrations and contact times of a particular biocide. 

Slump test (ASTM Cl 43, Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete). This test is the oldest (it first appeared as an ASTM standard in 1922) and most widely used test of concrete workability. Because it is a static test, it is not a good indicator of the workability of FRC. However, according toACI Committee 544 (2), once it has been established that a particular FRC mixture has satisfactory handling and placing characteristics at a given slump, the slump test may be used as a quality control test to monitor the FRC consistency from batch to batch . 

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