Ottawa sand

Employing wood chips, Cowan s drying studies indicated that the volumetric heat-transfer coefficient obtainable in a spouted bed is at least twice that in a direct-heat rotaiy diyer. By using 20- to 30-mesh Ottawa sand, fluidized and spouted beds were compared. The volumetric coefficients in the fluid bed were 4 times those obtained in a spouted bed. Mathur dried wheat continuously in a 12-in-diameter spouted bed, followed by a 9-in-diameter spouted-bed cooler. A diy-ing rate of roughly 100 Ib/h of water was obtained by using 450 K inlet air. Six hundred pounds per hour of wheat was reduced from 16 to 26 percent to 4 percent moisture. Evaporation occurred also in the cooler by using sensible heat present in the wheat. The maximum diy-ing-bed temperature was 118°F, and the overall thermal efficiency of the system was roughly 65 percent. Some aspec ts of the spouted-bed technique are covered by patent (U.S. Patent 2,786,280). 

Sand. Ottawa sand has a low specific gravity of about 2.63. But since no additional water is required when using this additive, it is possible to use sand to increase the cement slurry specific weight. The sand has little effect on the pumpability of the cement slurry. When set the cement will form a very hard surface. Sand used as an additive can be used to increase the specific weight of a cement slurry to as high as 18 Ib/gal. 

Kick-off plug. Usually an Ottawa sand-cement plug is used to plug off a section of the borehole. This plug uses a hard surface to assist the kick-off procedure (see Figure 4-405). 

The present study investigates the adsorption and trapping of polymer molecules in flow experiments through unconsolidated oil field sands. Static tests on both oil sand and Ottawa sand indicates that mineralogy plays a major role in the observed behavior. Effect of a surfactant slug on polymer-rock interaction is also reported. Corroborative studies have also been conducted to study the anomalous pressure behavior and high tertiary oil recovery in surfactant dilute-polymer systems(ll,12). 

Static(batch) and dynamic(flow) tests were carried out on toluene - extracted and peroxide - treated Wilmington oil field unconsolidated sands with dilute solutions of polyacrylamide (Dow Pusher-500) polymer in 1 wt% NaCl at 50° C and 1.5 ft./day, simulating reservoir temperature and flow rates. In the static tests, Ottawa sand, with particle size distributions similar to the Wilmington sand, were also used for comparison purposes. 

Drierite, W. A. Hammond Drierite Company (Xenia, OH) Ottawa Sand ASTM, Arthur H. Thomas Company (Philadelphia,... 

Ten grams of indicating Drierite was placed in a 120-mL silylated jar and covered with 80 g treated ASTM Ottawa sand, prepared according to the previous report (11). The depth of the soil was 35 mm. Distilled water, 8 mL, was then placed on the surface of the sand. The time required to change the indicating Drierite completely from blue to pink was recorded as the infiltration time. 

It should not be overlooked that an observed shock effect will be dependent upon the elastic limit value of the solid matter upon which impact is made by the matter of the reaction zone. Sand Tests made with Ottawa sand and with iron spheres of the same size should give very different results... 

Zhuang, J., Flury, M. Jin, Y. 2003. Colloid-facilitated Cs transport through water-saturated Hanford sediment and Ottawa sand. Environmental Science and Technology, 37, 4905-4911. 

Winters, W.J., Mason, D.H., Waite, W.F., Methane hydrate formation in partially-water saturated Ottawa sand. Am. Mineral., 89, 1202 (2004). 

Peters and Luthy (1993, 1994) performed a detailed analysis of the equilibrium behavior of solvent coal tar water mixtures in work that was complementary to column studies performed by Roy, et. al. (1995). Peters and Luthy successfully modeled ternary phase diagrams of coal tar/n-butylamine/water systems. In addition, Peters and Luthy identified n-butylamine as the leading solvent for coal tar extraction. Pennell and Abriola (1993) report the solubilization of residual dodecane in Ottawa sand using a nonionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, which achieved a 5 order of magnitude increase over the aqueous solubility, but is still 7 times less than the equilibrium batch solubility with the same surfactant system. 

The effects of rate-limited solubilization, subsurface layering and flushing solution density on PCE recovery were evaluated in two separate box studies (Box A and Box B). Box A was flushed with 4% Tween 80 alone to serve as the control case, while Box B was flushed with 4% Tween 80 + 5% EtOH to evaluate the effects of cosolvent addition on PCE solubilization, cumulative PCE recovery, and surfactant delivery. Each box was packed with 20-30 mesh Ottawa sand as the background porous medium, with one rectangular layer of F-70 Ottawa sand above two side-by-side rectangular... 

SHMBC methodology briefly consists of adding a given metal solution, at various concentrations, to the soil under investigation. The metal solution is also added to clean Ottawa sand, which serves as the control soil with no or little metal binding capacity. The soil-metal mixtures are shaken at room temperature for 4 hours. The mixtures are centrifuged, the supernatants are assayed by MetPLATE and an IC50 is determined for the metal. 

Laboratories establish analytical precision for each method using a laboratory control sample (LCS) and laboratory control sample duplicate (LCSD). These samples are made at the laboratory with interference-free matrices fortified (spiked) with known amounts of target analytes. Interference-free matrices are analyte-free reagent water or laboratory-grade (Ottawa) sand. Precision is then calculated as the RPD between the results of the LCS and LCSD. Analytical precision depends on analytical method and procedure the nature of the analyte and its concentration in the LCS and LCSD and the skill of the chemist performing analysis. The RPD for interference-free laboratory QC samples is typically below 20 percent for soil and water matrices. 

Soil volatilization t,/2 10 d from an Ottawa sand (estimated, Haque et al. 1974 selected, Pal et al. 1980). Biota estimated t,/2 = 139 h from fish in simulated ecosystem (Neely 1980). 

Table 68—Data on Sieve-Sizes of Ottawa Sand ...

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